Table 4 Association of PCS with health outcomes: multivariable linear regression models with inverse probability weighting

Depression (PHQ-9)

PCS (yes)

2.20

1.36; 3.04

< 0.0001

3.06

2.10; 4.01

< 0.0001

Gender (female)

0.63

-0.12; 1.38

0.0985

0.27

-0.57; 1.12

0.5260

Age (years)

0.01

-0.02; 0.03

0.7320

-0.03

-0.06; -0.01

0.0530

School education (less than 10 years)

0.62

-0.42; 1.65

0.2399

0.70

-0.47; 1.88

0.2410

Living alone (yes)

-0.68

-1.56; 0.19

0.1256

-1.00

-1.98; -0.02

0.0462

History of anxiety disorder (yes)

2.81

0.98; 4.64

0.0028

3.62

1.53; 5.71

0.0007

History of depressive disorder (yes)

2.25

0.78; 3.71

0.0028

2.23

0.56; 3.89

0.0091

Sum of acute symptoms

0.17

0.11; 0.22

< 0.0001

0.17

0.11; 0.23

< 0.0001

Fatigue (FAS)

PCS (yes)

4.63

3.09; 6.17

< 0.0001

5.92

4.13; 7.71

< 0.0001

Gender (female)

1.38

-0.01; 2.76

0.0492

1.43

-0.17; 3.02

0.0790

Age (years)

-0.02

-0.07; 0.03

0.4334

-0.02

-0.08; 0.04

0.4995

School education (less than 10 years)

1.57

-0.33; 3.47

0.1041

1.47

-0.74; 3.68

0.1913

Living alone (yes)

-0.13

-1.72; 1.46

0.8711

-0.45

-2.29; 1.39

0.6281

History of anxiety disorder (yes)

3.98

0.61; 7.36

0.0210

3.72

-0.21; 7.65

0.0631

History of depressive disorder (yes)

2.08

-0.61; 4.78

0.1292

3.39

0.25; 6.52

0.0344

Sum of acute symptoms

0.37

0.28; 0.47

< 0.0001

0.29

0.18; 0.40

< 0.0001

Posttraumatic stress (IES-R)

PCS (yes)

0.28

-0.00; 0.56

0.0531

0.40

0.14; 0.66

0.0031

Gender (female)

0.34

0.09; 0.59

0.0077

0.11

-0.13; 0.34

0.3691

Age (years)

0.01

0.00; 0.02

0.0542

0.01

-0.01; 0.01

0.4804

School education (less than 10 years)

0.32

-0.03; 0.66

0.0734

0.59

0.27; 0.91

0.0004

Living alone (yes)

-0.45

-0.74; -0.16

0.0027

-0.21

-0.48; 0.06

0.1326

History of anxiety disorder (yes)

0.24

-0.38; 0.86

0.4416

0.42

-0.16; 0.99

0.1531

History of depressive disorder (yes)

0.26

-0.24; 0.75

0.3075

0.54

0.08; 0.99

0.0211

Sum of acute symptoms

0.07

0.05; 0.08

< 0.0001

0.05

0.04; 0.07

< 0.0001

Physical quality of life (VR-12)

PCS (yes)

-4.04

-5.80; -2.28

< 0.0001

-3.54

-5.29; -1.80

< 0.0001

Gender (female)

-1.78

-3.35; -0.21

0.0260

-3.22

-4.77; -1.67

< 0.0001

Age (years)

-0.16

-0.22; -0.11

< 0.0001

-0.14

-0.20; -0.09

< 0.0001

School education (less than 10 years)

-1.99

-4.16; 0.18

0.0714

-2.39

-4.53; -0.24

0.0292

Living alone (yes)

0.39

-1.42; 2.19

0.6744

0.61

-1.18; 2.40

0.5042

History of anxiety disorder (yes)

-0.27

-4.13; 3.59

0.8894

-1.42

-5.24; 2.39

0.4641

History of depressive disorder (yes)

0.33

-2.75; 3.41

0.8347

0.10

-2.95; 3.14

0.9498

Sum of acute symptoms

-0.42

-0.53; -0.31

< 0.0001

-0.34

-0.44; -0.23

< 0.0001

Mental quality of life (VR-12)

PCS (yes)

-4.18

-6.16; -2.19

< 0.0001

-5.30

-7.48; -3.12

< 0.0001

Gender (female)

-2.55

-4.31; -0.78

0.0048

-1.20

-3.14; 0.74

0.2250

Age (years)

0.04

-0.02; 0.11

0.1759

0.09

0.02; 0.16

0.0098

School education (less than 10 years)

-1.87

-4.31; 0.57

0.1330

-2.37

-5.05; 0.32

0.0841

Living alone (yes)

1.65

-0.39; 3.68

0.1124

2.34

0.10; 4.57

0.0410

History of anxiety disorder (yes)

-4.47

-8.82; -0.13

0.0438

-7.66

-12.44; -2.89

0.0018

History of depressive disorder (yes)

-6.83

-10.30; -3.36

0.0001

-5.88

-9.69; -2.06

0.0027

Sum of acute symptoms

-0.29

-0.41; -0.17

< 0.0001

-0.30

-0.43; -0.17

< 0.0001