Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the participants

Sociodemographic

Sex (N, %)

 Women

4,808 (52.6)

1,966 (49,5)

2,512 (54,4)

310 (58.8)

< 0.001

 Men

4,340 (51.6)

2,007 (50.5)

2,118 (53,4)

217 (57,8)

< 0.001

Age (mean ± SD)

37.8 ± 13.1

38.4 ± 13.1

37.0 ± 13.1

40.1 ± 13.5

< 0.001

Marital status (N, %)

 Married

4646 (50.8)

2124 (53.5)

2253 (48.7)

258 (49.0)

< 0.001

 Divorced

739 (8.1)

298 ( 7.5)

382 ( 8.3)

57 (10.8)

< 0.001

 Single

3497 (38.2)

1470 (37.0)

1840 (39.7)

182 (34.5)

< 0.001

 Widow

263 (2.9)

79 ( 2.0)

154 ( 3.3)

30 ( 5.7)

< 0.001

 With children

6208 (67.9)

2517 (63.4)

3250 (70.2)

427 (81.0)

< 0.001

College degree (N, %)

1,935 (21.2)

1655 (41.7)

270 ( 5.8)

4 (0.8)

< 0.001

Health insurance (N, %)

3656 (40.0)

2408 (60.6)

1180 (25.5)

59 (11.2)

< 0.001

Clinical

Comorbities (N, %)

 Hypertension

2153 (23.6)

862 (21.7)

1109 (24.0)

175 (33.3)

< 0.001

 Lung diseases

2091 (22.9)

1012 (25.5)

980 (21.2)

93 (17.6)

< 0.001

 Depression

1048 (18.1)

462 (16.8)

525 (19.0)

57 (23.8)

0.007

 Back pain

1606 (17.6)

678 (17.1)

803 (17.4)

119 (22.6)

0.007

 Arthritis

678 (7.4)

274 ( 6.9)

334 ( 7.2)

65 (12.3)

< 0.001

 Heart diseases

544 (6.0)

227 ( 5.7)

278 ( 6.0)

37 (7.1)

0.467

 Diabetes

487 (5.3)

193 ( 4.9)

254 ( 5.5)

36 (6.8)

0.113

 Renal failure

170 (1.9)

38 ( 1.0)

106 ( 2.3)

26 (4.9)

< 0.001

 Cancer

57 (1.0)

38 ( 1.4)

15 ( 0.5)

2 (0.8)

0.006

 Tuberculosis

42 (0.5)

11 ( 0.3)

27 ( 0.6)

4 (0.8)

0.065

 HIV

21 (0.4)

10 ( 0.4)

10 ( 0.4)

1 ( 0.4)

0.989

 Cirrhosis

18 (0.2)

2 ( 0.1)

15 ( 0.3)

1 (0.2)

0.017

Smoker

3,557 (38.9)

1,361 (34.3)

1,882 (40.6)

305 (57.9)

< 0.001