Comparison of four value sets derived using different TTO and DCE approaches: application to the new region-specific PBM, AP-7D

Shiroiwa, Takeru; Murata, Tatsunori; Morii, Yasuhiro; Hoshino, Eri; Fukuda, Takashi

doi:10.1186/s12955-024-02233-2

Table 2 Estimated coefficients by TTO and DCE

From: Comparison of four value sets derived using different TTO and DCE approaches: application to the new region-specific PBM, AP-7D

(a) cTTO
		Model 1			Model 2			Model 3			Model 4			Model 5
		Unconstrained			Constrained			N4			N34			Tobit
		Coef	SE	P value	Coef	SE	P value	Coef	SE	P value	Coef	SE	P value	Coef		SE		P value
Intercept		0.067	0.02	0.006	0.066	0.02	0.005	0.071	0.025	0.005	0.074	0.025	0.003	0.010		0.025		0.701
PD	2	0.025	0.02	0.088	0.025	0.02	0.088	0.025	0.015	0.088	0.025	0.015	0.088	0.036		0.015		0.016
	3	0.178	0.02	< .0001	0.178	0.02	< .0001	0.178	0.015	< .0001	0.176	0.015	< .0001	0.189		0.015		< .0001
	4	0.183	0.02	< .0001	0.183	0.02	< .0001	0.181	0.015	< .0001	0.181	0.015	< .0001	0.193		0.015		< .0001
MH	2	0.022	0.02	0.128	0.022	0.02	0.128	0.023	0.015	0.122	0.022	0.015	0.128	0.033		0.015		0.028
	3	0.098	0.02	< .0001	0.098	0.02	< .0001	0.099	0.015	< .0001	0.097	0.015	< .0001	0.109		0.015		< .0001
	4	0.117	0.02	< .0001	0.117	0.02	< .0001	0.115	0.015	< .0001	0.115	0.015	< .0001	0.127		0.015		< .0001
EN	2	-0.003	0.02	0.857	0	-	-	-0.003	0.015	0.857	-0.003	0.015	0.857	0.008		0.015		0.586
	3	0.068	0.02	< .0001	0.07	0.01	< .0001	0.069	0.015	< .0001	0.067	0.015	< .0001	0.079		0.015		< .0001
	4	0.09	0.02	< .0001	0.092	0.01	< .0001	0.089	0.015	< .0001	0.089	0.015	< .0001	0.101		0.015		< .0001
MO	2	0.071	0.02	< .0001	0.071	0.02	< .0001	0.071	0.015	< .0001	0.071	0.015	< .0001	0.081		0.015		< .0001
	3	0.176	0.02	< .0001	0.176	0.02	< .0001	0.177	0.015	< .0001	0.174	0.015	< .0001	0.186		0.015		< .0001
	4	0.18	0.02	< .0001	0.18	0.02	< .0001	0.179	0.015	< .0001	0.178	0.015	< .0001	0.190		0.015		< .0001
WS	2	0.023	0.02	0.117	0.023	0.02	0.117	0.024	0.015	0.107	0.023	0.015	0.117	0.033		0.015		0.025
	3	0.11	0.02	< .0001	0.11	0.02	< .0001	0.110	0.015	< .0001	0.109	0.015	< .0001	0.121		0.015		< .0001
	4	0.126	0.02	< .0001	0.126	0.02	< .0001	0.125	0.015	< .0001	0.124	0.015	< .0001	0.137		0.015		< .0001
II	2	0.033	0.02	0.024	0.033	0.02	0.024	0.033	0.015	0.023	0.033	0.015	0.024	0.043		0.015		0.003
	3	0.117	0.02	< .0001	0.117	0.02	< .0001	0.116	0.015	< .0001	0.115	0.015	< .0001	0.127		0.015		< .0001
	4	0.137	0.02	< .0001	0.137	0.02	< .0001	0.135	0.015	< .0001	0.135	0.015	< .0001	0.147		0.015		< .0001
BO	2	0.013	0.02	0.38	0.013	0.02	0.38	0.013	0.015	0.380	0.013	0.015	0.380	0.023		0.015		0.114
	3	0.157	0.02	< .0001	0.157	0.02	< .0001	0.156	0.015	< .0001	0.155	0.015	< .0001	0.167		0.015		< .0001
	4	0.185	0.02	< .0001	0.185	0.02	< .0001	0.184	0.015	< .0001	0.184	0.015	< .0001	0.196		0.015		< .0001
N4								0.011	0.020	0.596
N34											0.050	0.042	0.233
Number of observations		8400
Log likelihood		-5736.3			-5733.0			-5739.2			-5737.900			-5706.3
Number of inconsistencies		1			1			1			1			0
(b) Simple DCE
		Model 6					Model 7					Model 8				Model 9
		Conditional logit					N4					N34				Panel logit
		Coef	SE		P value		Coef	SE		P value		Coef		SE	P value	Coef		SE	P value
PD	2	-0.294	0.023		< .0001		-0.293	0.023		< .0001		-0.292		0.023	< .0001	-0.176		0.026	< .0001
	3	-0.857	0.022		< .0001		-0.857	0.022		< .0001		-0.858		0.022	< .0001	-0.671		0.030	< .0001
	4	-1.107	0.023		< .0001		-1.111	0.023		< .0001		-1.107		0.023	< .0001	-0.813		0.039	< .0001
MH	2	-0.188	0.023		< .0001		-0.192	0.024		< .0001		-0.188		0.023	< .0001	-0.128		0.024	< .0001
	3	-0.570	0.024		< .0001		-0.573	0.024		< .0001		-0.570		0.024	< .0001	-0.512		0.025	< .0001
	4	-0.668	0.023		< .0001		-0.674	0.024		< .0001		-0.668		0.023	< .0001	-0.565		0.026	< .0001
EN	2	-0.040	0.026		0.118		-0.043	0.026		0.099		-0.042		0.026	0.110	-0.040		0.026	0.121
	3	-0.342	0.024		< .0001		-0.341	0.024		< .0001		-0.344		0.024	< .0001	-0.338		0.024	< .0001
	4	-0.497	0.025		< .0001		-0.501	0.025		< .0001		-0.499		0.025	< .0001	-0.491		0.025	< .0001
MO	2	-0.388	0.025		< .0001		-0.389	0.025		< .0001		-0.387		0.026	< .0001	-0.335		0.026	< .0001
	3	-0.800	0.024		< .0001		-0.801	0.024		< .0001		-0.801		0.024	< .0001	-0.766		0.024	< .0001
	4	-0.965	0.028		< .0001		-0.970	0.028		< .0001		-0.965		0.028	< .0001	-0.939		0.028	< .0001
WS	2	-0.161	0.023		< .0001		-0.162	0.023		< .0001		-0.162		0.023	< .0001	-0.147		0.023	< .0001
	3	-0.457	0.024		< .0001		-0.457	0.024		< .0001		-0.457		0.024	< .0001	-0.464		0.024	< .0001
	4	-0.590	0.023		< .0001		-0.594	0.024		< .0001		-0.591		0.023	< .0001	-0.597		0.023	< .0001
II	2	-0.141	0.023		< .0001		-0.139	0.023		< .0001		-0.141		0.023	< .0001	-0.156		0.023	< .0001
	3	-0.341	0.024		< .0001		-0.339	0.024		< .0001		-0.341		0.024	< .0001	-0.365		0.025	< .0001
	4	-0.403	0.024		< .0001		-0.405	0.024		< .0001		-0.403		0.024	< .0001	-0.439		0.024	< .0001
BO	2	-0.261	0.024		< .0001		-0.261	0.024		< .0001		-0.260		0.024	< .0001	-0.262		0.024	< .0001
	3	-0.718	0.026		< .0001		-0.720	0.026		< .0001		-0.718		0.026	< .0001	-0.704		0.026	< .0001
	4	-0.948	0.025		< .0001		-0.953	0.026		< .0001		-0.948		0.025	< .0001	-0.966		0.026	< .0001
N4							0.025	0.031		0.412
N34												0.042		0.107	0.693
Number of observations		81,750
Log likelihood		-24,225.1					-24,224.7					-24,225.0				-24,184.0
Number of inconsistencies		0					0					0				0
(c) DCE with duration
		Model 10			Model 11			Model 12			Model 13			Model 14			Model 15
		Conditional logit (Unconstraint)			N4			N34			Conditional logit (Constraint)			Panel conditional logit (Unconstraint)			Panel conditional logit (Constraint)
		Coef	SE	P value	Coef	SE	P value	Coef	SE	P value	Coef	SE	P value	Coef	SE	P value	Coef	SE	P value
Time		0.372	0.009	< .0001	0.348	0.010	< .0001	0.371	0.009	< .0001	0.376	0.009	< .0001	0.351	0.009	< .0001	0.354	0.009	< .0001
PD x Time	2	-0.044	0.004	< .0001	-0.051	0.004	< .0001	-0.043	0.004	< .0001	-0.043	0.004	< .0001	-0.021	0.005	< .0001	-0.020	0.004	< .0001
	3	-0.083	0.005	< .0001	-0.079	0.005	< .0001	-0.081	0.005	< .0001	-0.085	0.005	< .0001	-0.052	0.005	< .0001	-0.051	0.005	< .0001
	4	-0.109	0.004	< .0001	-0.106	0.005	< .0001	-0.106	0.005	< .0001	-0.110	0.004	< .0001	-0.061	0.005	< .0001	-0.060	0.005	< .0001
AD x Time	2	-0.058	0.005	< .0001	-0.059	0.005	< .0001	-0.060	0.005	< .0001	-0.059	0.005	< .0001	-0.052	0.005	< .0001	-0.053	0.005	< .0001
	3	-0.102	0.004	< .0001	-0.099	0.004	< .0001	-0.102	0.004	< .0001	-0.102	0.004	< .0001	-0.077	0.005	< .0001	-0.077	0.005	< .0001
	4	-0.111	0.006	< .0001	-0.100	0.006	< .0001	-0.112	0.006	< .0001	-0.113	0.005	< .0001	-0.085	0.006	< .0001	-0.085	0.006	< .0001
EN x Time	2	0.008	0.005	0.121	0.006	0.005	0.253	0.009	0.005	0.070	0.000			0.005	0.005	0.319	0.000
	3	-0.032	0.004	< .0001	-0.031	0.004	< .0001	-0.031	0.004	< .0001	-0.036	0.004	< .0001	-0.041	0.004	< .0001	-0.043	0.004	< .0001
	4	-0.037	0.005	< .0001	-0.028	0.005	< .0001	-0.036	0.005	< .0001	-0.040	0.004	< .0001	-0.041	0.005	< .0001	-0.044	0.004	< .0001
MO x Time	2	-0.043	0.004	< .0001	-0.042	0.004	< .0001	-0.042	0.004	< .0001	-0.043	0.004	< .0001	-0.048	0.004	< .0001	-0.048	0.004	< .0001
	3	-0.072	0.004	< .0001	-0.076	0.004	< .0001	-0.071	0.004	< .0001	-0.074	0.004	< .0001	-0.081	0.004	< .0001	-0.082	0.004	< .0001
	4	-0.117	0.004	< .0001	-0.114	0.004	< .0001	-0.115	0.004	< .0001	-0.119	0.004	< .0001	-0.125	0.004	< .0001	-0.126	0.004	< .0001
WS x Time	2	-0.010	0.005	0.036	-0.001	0.005	0.877	-0.011	0.005	0.020	-0.010	0.005	0.029	-0.019	0.005	< .0001	-0.019	0.005	< .0001
	3	-0.057	0.005	< .0001	-0.053	0.005	< .0001	-0.058	0.005	< .0001	-0.055	0.005	< .0001	-0.070	0.005	< .0001	-0.069	0.005	< .0001
	4	-0.080	0.005	< .0001	-0.067	0.005	< .0001	-0.081	0.005	< .0001	-0.078	0.005	< .0001	-0.088	0.005	< .0001	-0.087	0.005	< .0001
SR x Time	2	-0.013	0.005	0.006	-0.007	0.005	0.125	-0.013	0.005	0.003	-0.013	0.005	0.004	-0.021	0.005	< .0001	-0.021	0.005	< .0001
	3	-0.072	0.005	< .0001	-0.065	0.005	< .0001	-0.072	0.005	< .0001	-0.069	0.004	< .0001	-0.071	0.005	< .0001	-0.071	0.005	< .0001
	4	-0.064	0.005	< .0001	-0.049	0.005	< .0001	-0.063	0.005	< .0001	-0.069	0.004	< .0001	-0.074	0.005	< .0001	-0.074	0.005	< .0001
BO x Time	2	-0.053	0.005	< .0001	-0.054	0.005	< .0001	-0.055	0.005	< .0001	-0.049	0.005	< .0001	-0.047	0.005	< .0001	-0.046	0.005	< .0001
	3	-0.108	0.004	< .0001	-0.100	0.005	< .0001	-0.106	0.004	< .0001	-0.107	0.004	< .0001	-0.110	0.004	< .0001	-0.110	0.004	< .0001
	4	-0.132	0.004	< .0001	-0.128	0.004	< .0001	-0.131	0.004	< .0001	-0.129	0.004	< .0001	-0.127	0.004	< .0001	-0.127	0.004	< .0001
N4 x Time					-0.048	0.006	< .0001
N34 x Time								-0.057	0.019	0.003
Number of observations		82,170												82,170
Log likelihood		-28,478.0			-28,478.0			-28,478.0			-25,969.8			-25,803.6			-25,804.1
Number of inconsistencies		2			2			2			0			1			1
(d) Ternary DCE
		Model 16			Model 17			Model 18			Model 19			Model 20			Model 21
		Conditional logit (Unconstraint)			N4			N34			Conditional logit (Constraint)			Panel conditional logit (Unconstraint)			Panel conditional logit (Constraint)
		Coef	SE	P value	Coef	SE	P value	Coef	SE	P value	Coef	SE	P value	Coef	SE	P value	Coef	SE	P value
Time		0.298	0.006	< 0.001	0.275	0.006	< .0001	0.291	0.006	< .0001	0.304	0.005	< 0.001	0.197	0.006	0.000	0.197	0.006	0.000
PD x Time	2	-0.028	0.003	< 0.001	-0.031	0.003	< .0001	-0.025	0.003	< .0001	-0.026	0.003	< 0.001	0.004	0.003	0.286	0.000
	3	-0.054	0.003	< 0.001	-0.052	0.003	< .0001	-0.051	0.003	< .0001	-0.053	0.003	< 0.001	-0.015	0.003	0.000	-0.015	0.002	0.000
	4	-0.082	0.003	< 0.001	-0.078	0.003	< .0001	-0.078	0.003	< .0001	-0.081	0.003	< 0.001	-0.012	0.003	0.000	-0.015
AD x Time	2	-0.038	0.004	< 0.001	-0.038	0.004	< .0001	-0.040	0.004	< .0001	-0.039	0.004	< 0.001	-0.012	0.004	0.000	-0.012	0.003	0.000
	3	-0.054	0.003	< 0.001	-0.050	0.003	< .0001	-0.054	0.003	< .0001	-0.055	0.003	< 0.001	-0.013	0.003	0.000	-0.013	0.003	0.000
	4	-0.079	0.004	< 0.001	-0.071	0.004	< .0001	-0.080	0.004	< .0001	-0.080	0.004	< 0.001	-0.030	0.004	0.000	-0.029	0.004	0.000
EN x Time	2	0.005	0.003	0.168	0.001	0.003	0.772	0.008	0.003	0.020	0.000			0.000	0.003	0.938	0.000
	3	0.001	0.003	0.755	0.000	0.003	0.901	0.003	0.003	0.279	-0.002	0.003	0.408	-0.024	0.003	0.000	-0.023	0.002	0.000
	4	-0.015	0.003	< 0.001	-0.009	0.003	0.010	-0.012	0.003	0.000	-0.017	0.003	< 0.001	-0.024	0.003	0.000	-0.023
MO x Time	2	-0.037	0.003	< 0.001	-0.035	0.003	< .0001	-0.034	0.003	< .0001	-0.036	0.003	< 0.001	-0.029	0.003	0.000	-0.029	0.003	0.000
	3	-0.072	0.003	< 0.001	-0.075	0.003	< .0001	-0.070	0.003	< .0001	-0.073	0.003	< 0.001	-0.073	0.003	0.000	-0.073	0.003	0.000
	4	-0.078	0.003	< 0.001	-0.073	0.003	< .0001	-0.074	0.003	< .0001	-0.078	0.003	< 0.001	-0.084	0.003	0.000	-0.084	0.003	0.000
WS x Time	2	0.007	0.003	0.038	0.014	0.003	< .0001	0.006	0.003	0.083	0.000			-0.016	0.003	0.000	-0.014	0.003	0.000
	3	-0.011	0.003	0.001	-0.007	0.003	0.035	-0.012	0.003	0.000	-0.015	0.003	< 0.001	-0.041	0.003	0.000	-0.039	0.003	0.000
	4	-0.018	0.003	< 0.001	-0.008	0.003	0.014	-0.019	0.003	< .0001	-0.021	0.003	< 0.001	-0.039	0.003	0.000	-0.039
SR x Time	2	-0.025	0.003	< 0.001	-0.023	0.003	< .0001	-0.027	0.003	< .0001	-0.024	0.003	< 0.001	-0.022	0.003	0.000	-0.022	0.003	0.000
	3	-0.042	0.003	< 0.001	-0.036	0.003	< .0001	-0.041	0.003	< .0001	-0.042	0.003	< 0.001	-0.027	0.003	0.000	-0.026	0.003	0.000
	4	-0.043	0.003	< 0.001	-0.033	0.004	< .0001	-0.041	0.003	< .0001	-0.044	0.003	< 0.001	-0.047	0.003	0.000	-0.047	0.003	0.000
BO x Time	2	-0.015	0.003	< 0.001	-0.013	0.003	0.000	-0.018	0.003	< .0001	-0.015	0.003	< 0.001	-0.007	0.003	0.048	-0.007	0.003	0.044
	3	-0.051	0.003	< 0.001	-0.046	0.003	< .0001	-0.048	0.003	< .0001	-0.052	0.003	< 0.001	-0.061	0.003	0.000	-0.061	0.003	0.000
	4	-0.076	0.003	< 0.001	-0.070	0.003	< .0001	-0.075	0.003	< .0001	-0.076	0.003	< 0.001	-0.076	0.003	0.000	-0.075	0.003	0.000
N4 x Time					-0.042	0.004	< .0001
N34 x Time								-0.116	0.014	< .0001
Number of observations		205,650												205,650
Log likelihood		-73,695.1			-73,695.1			-73,695.1			-69,744.3			-67,443.7			-67,445.0
Number of inconsistencies		2			2			2			0			5			0

PD pain/discomfort, MH mental health, EN energy, MO mobility, WS work/school, II interpersonal interactions, BO burden to others

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