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Table 4 Perception on the relationship between QOL and PRO

From: Perceptions regarding the concept and definition of patient-reported outcomes among healthcare stakeholders in Japan with relation to quality of life: a cross-sectional study

Occupation

QOL equals PRO (%)

PRO includes QOL (%)

QOL includes PRO (%)

PRO and QOL do not fully overlap. (%)

Different relationship (%)

There is no correct answer (%)

TOTAL (%)

P value

 

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

(F)

  

Clinicians

13(5.1)

27(10.7)

44(17.4)

108(42.7)

7(2.8)

54(21.3)

253(100.0)

 

Company employees

11(4.4)

29(11.6)

67(26.9)

97(39.0)

9(3.6)

36(14.5)

249(100.0)

 
 

24(4.8)

56(11.2)

111(22.1)

205(40.8)

16(3.2)

90(17.9)

502(100.0)

p < 0.05*

  Heard about PRO and QOL

  Clinicians

4(6.3)

5(7.9)

16(25.4)

24(38.1)

0(0.0)

14(22.2)

63(100.0)

 

  Company employees

7(4.7)

11(7.4)

43(28.9)

63(42.3)

5(3.4)

20(13.5)

149(100.0)

 
 

11(5.2)

16(7.5)

59(27.8)

87(41.0)

5(2.4)

34(16.0)

212(100.0)

p = 0.64*

PRO measurement experience

  Have experience

7(10.6)

8(12.1)

17(25.8)

24(36.4)

3(4.5)

7(10.6)

66(100.0)

 

  Not have any experience

4(2.7)

8(5.5)

42(28.8)

63(43.2)

2(1.4)

27(18.5)

146(100.0)

 
 

11(5.2)

16(7.5)

59(27.8)

87(41.0)

5(2.4)

34(16.0)

212(100.0)

p < 0.05*

Patients

  Not sure about PRO and QOL relationship (%)

QOL equals PRO (%)

PRO includes QOL (%)

QOL includes PRO (%)

PRO and QOL do not fully overlap. (%)

Different relationship (%)

There is no correct answer (%)

TOTAL (%)

 

  240(48.6)

35(7.1)

18(3.6)

67(13.6)

82(16.6)

24(4.9)

2(5.7)

494(100.0)

p < 0.0001**

  1. The unmarked p-values are the results of the chi-square test on the distribution
  2. PRO patient-reported outcome, QOL quality-of-life
  3. Significant difference (p < 0.017) in comparison to (B) after Bonferroni correction
  4. *P value by comparison between two groups (Mann-Whitney's U-test)
  5. **P values based on comparisons (Kruskal-Wallis test) between three groups (patients, health care professionals, and company employees)