Table 2 Model fit indices of structural equation modelling and measurement/structural invariance for cross-validation and multi-group analysis for last dental visit

Measurement model^a

 Psychosocial variables

439.73

71

6.19

0.967

0.981

0.053 [0.048, 0.057]

 DPR variables

571.27

75

7.62

0.959

0.981

0.059 [0.055, 0.064]

 OHIP-14

53.95

8

6.74

0.991

0.994

0.055 [0.042, 0.070]

  Full measurement model

1649.54

507

3.25

0.951

0.979

0.035 [0.033, 0.036]

Structural model^b

 Initial hypothesised model

167.94

10

16.79

0.975

0.922

0.092 [0.080, 0.104]

 Final model

34.31

10

3.43

0.995

0.988

0.036 [0.023, 0.049]

Cross-validation^c

 Configural invariance

3411.99

1014

3.37

0.949

0.978

0.025 [0.024, 0.026]

 Measurement invariance^d

3452.19

1042

3.31

0.949

0.977

0.025 [0.024, 0.026]

  Comparison test^f

40.20

28

0.001

< 0.001

 Configural invariance

151.01

20

7.55

0.988

0.966

0.042 [0.036, 0.048]

 Structural invariance^e

183.40

28

6.55

0.986

0.960

0.038 [0.033, 0.044]

  Comparison test^f

32.39

8

0.006

0.004

Multi-group for last dental visit^g

 Configural invariance

3363.53

1014

3.32

0.949

0.978

0.025 [0.024, 0.026]

 Measurement invariance^d

3447.04

1042

3.31

0.948

0.977

0.025 [0.024, 0.026]

  Comparison test^f

83.50

28

0.001

< 0.001

 Configural invariance

176.36

20

8.82

0.986

0.958

0.046 [0.040, 0.052]

 Structural invariance^e

234.21

28

8.37

0.982

0.944

0.044 [0.039, 0.050]

  Comparison test^f

57.85

8

0.014

0.002