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Table 4 Changes of HRQOL total scores/subscales by the classification of clinical changes in the number of CKD-related comorbidity among who completed both initial and latest follow-up assessments (n = 83)

From: Comparisons of EQ-5D-Y and PedsQL in pediatric patients with mild-to-moderate chronic kidney disease in longitudinal analyses

Changes of HRQOL total scores/subscales

 

Changes on number of CKD-related comorbidities (T2-T1)

 

All

(n = 83)

No change

(n = 34)

Improved

(n = 16)

Worsen

(n = 33)

p value*

 

mean (SD)

mean (SD)

mean (SD)

mean (SD)

 

Mean difference (T2-T1)

 EQ-5D-Y VAS

-1.10 (11.05)

-4.00 (11.69)

-2.50 (9.31)

2.56 (10.39)

0.0427

 EQ-5D-Y LSS

-0.08 (0.65)

0.03 (0.72)

-0.06 (0.68)

-0.21 (0.55)

0.3124

 PedsQL

  Total score

5.61 (8.15)

4.06 (8.99)

6.43 (6.22)

6.81 (8.03)

0.3546

  Physical Health

5.57 (9.40)

3.31 (7.57)

8.20 (12.44)

6.63 (9.20)

0.1626

  Emotional

7.47 (14.00)

5.74 (14.15)

7.19 (12.11)

9.39 (14.83)

0.5678

  Social

2.89 (9.76)

2.35 (11.23)

2.19 (8.94)

3.79 (8.66)

0.7964

  School

6.51 (12.27)

4.85 (13.23)

8.13 (10.47)

7.42 (12.19)

0.5880

Cohen’s effect size

 EQ-5D-Y VAS

-0.10

-0.34

-0.27

0.25

 

 EQ-5D-Y LSS

-0.13

0.04

-0.09

-0.39

 

 PedsQL

  Total score

0.69

0.45

1.03

0.85

 

  Physical Health

0.59

0.44

0.66

0.72

 

  Emotional

0.53

0.41

0.59

0.63

 

  Social

0.30

0.21

0.24

0.44

 

  School

0.53

0.37

0.78

0.61

 
  1. No change: number of comorbidities was same at study enrollment (T1) and the latest follow-up visit (T2); improve = number of comorbidities at T1 > T2; worsen = number of comorbidities at T1 < T2. Cohen’s ES of 0.8 or above was considered large, 0.5 to 0.8 medium, 0.2 to 0.5 small, and < 0.2 was trivial in meaningful changes
  2. VAS Visual Analogue Scale, LSS Level Sum Score, A higher LSS indicated a worse health state
  3. a Comparison of different clinical changes groups by ANOVA test