Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of individuals with T2DM (n = 385)
Characteristic | n | % | EQ-5D-3L | EQ-VAS | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | t/F/r | P | Mean (SD) | t/F/r | P | |||
Age (years) Mean (standard deviation [SD]) = 57.65 (15.15) |  |  |  |  − 0.262 | 0.000 |  |  − 0.243 | 0.000 |
Gender |  |  |  |  − 0.211 | 0.833 |  | 1.170 | 0.243 |
 Male | 189 | 49.1 | 0.84 (0.21) |  |  | 82.49 (11.57) |  |  |
 Female | 196 | 50.9 | 0.85 (0.20) |  |  | 80.76 (11.35) |  |  |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | 0.615 | 0.541 | Â | 1.537 | 0.126 |
 Married | 334 | 86.8 | 0.85 (0.20) |  |  | 82.01 (10.81) |  |  |
 Unmarried | 51 | 13.2 | 0.83 (0.23) |  |  | 78.98 (14.20) |  |  |
Educational level | Â | Â | Â | 9.181 | 0.000 | Â | 9.387 | 0.000 |
 Primary school | 105 | 27.3 | 0.80 (0.24) |  |  | 75.47 (11.65) |  |  |
 High school | 184 | 47.8 | 0.84 (0.20) |  |  | 82.20 (11.97) |  |  |
 College or above | 96 | 24.9 | 0.92 (0.14) |  |  | 84.68 (10.56) |  |  |
Number of hospitalizations because of T2DM | Â | Â | Â | 2.263 | 0.024 | Â | 4.365 | 0.000 |
 First time | 88 | 22.9 | 0.89 (0.18) |  |  | 86.29 (10.72) |  |  |
 Second time or more | 297 | 77.1 | 0.83 (0.21) |  |  | 79.53 (11.19) |  |  |
Receiving health education on diabetes |  |  |  | 0.539 | 0.590 |  |  − 3.963 | 0.000 |
 Yes | 239 | 62.1 | 0.85 (0.21) |  |  | 84.01 (11.08) |  |  |
 No | 146 | 37.9 | 0.84 (0.20) |  |  | 78.34 (11.08) |  |  |
Diabetes-related complications |  |  |  |  − 4.554 | 0.000 |  |  − 2.895 | 0.004 |
 Yes | 223 | 57.9 | 0.81 (0.22) |  |  | 79.51 (11.95) |  |  |
 No | 162 | 42.1 | 0.90 (0.16) |  |  | 83.72 (10.45) |  |  |
Comorbid conditions |  |  |  |  − 2.076 | 0.039 |  |  − 4.100 | 0.000 |
 Yes | 215 | 55.8 | 0.83 (0.21) |  |  | 78.73 (11.21) |  |  |
 No | 170 | 44.2 | 0.87 (0.20) |  |  | 84.56 (10.97) |  |  |
Duration since diagnosis (years) Mean (SD) = 9.93 (7.54) |  |  |  |  − 0.218 | 0.000 |  |  − 0.207 | 0.001 |
HbA1c (%) Mean (SD) = 10.31 (2.02) |  |  |  |  − 0.062 | 0.242 |  |  − 0.311 | 0.000 |