Table 3 Results of Tobit multivariate regression by levels of the ecological model
Variable | EQ-VAS | EQ-5D-index | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coeff | 95% CI | Coeff | 95% CI | |||
Micro level variables | ||||||
Age | − 0.02 | − 0.08 | 0.03 | − 0.0006* | − 0.001 | 0.0001 |
Gender (Ref: Male) | − 1.2* | − 1.8 | − 0.6 | − 0.02* | − 0.025 | − 0.015 |
Education (Ref: Tertiary) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Secondary | 0.2 | − 0.4 | 0.9 | − 0.009 | − 0.006 | 0.004 |
 Primary or none | − 1.2* | − 0.2 | − 2.1 | − 0.01* | − 0.002 | − 0.018 |
 Other | 0.7 | − 0.7 | 2.2 | − 0.001 | − 0.001 | 0.026 |
Individual Income | − 0.008 | − 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0065* | 0.006 | 0.007 |
Living situation (Ref: Living alone) | 0.05 | − 0.25 | 1.3 | 0.001 | − 0.007 | 0.005 |
Vision problems (Ref: No) | − 4.6* | − 5.7 | − 3.5 | − 0.04* | − 0.05 | − 0.03 |
Hearing problems (Ref: No) | − 3.0* | − 3.9 | − 2.2 | − 0.02* | − 0.02 | − 0.01 |
Memory problems (Ref: No) | − 3.3* | − 4.0 | − 2.5 | − 0.02* | − 0.03 | − 0.01 |
Unintentional weight loss (Ref: No) | − 7.9* | − 9.4 | − 6.5 | − 0.05* | − 0.06 | − 0.04 |
Polypharmacy (Ref: No) | − 8.7* | − 9.3 | − 8.1 | − 0.05* | − 0.06 | − 0.04 |
Feel empty (Ref: Do not feel empty) | − 4.6* | − 5.4 | − 3.8 | − 0.05* | − 0.057 | − 0.044 |
Missing company of others (Ref: Do not miss company of others) | − 1.4* | − 2.1 | − 0.8 | − 0.010* | − 0.015 | − 0.004 |
Feel abandoned (Ref: Do not feel abandoned) | − 2.9* | − 3.9 | − 1.8 | − 0.049* | − 0.057 | − 0.040 |
Physical activity (Ref: Per WHO recommendations) | 0.2 | − 0.5 | 0.9 | − 0.013 | − 0.007 | 0.004 |
Alcohol intake (Ref: ≤ 2 alcoholic drinks/days) | 0.5 | − 0.6 | 1.6 | 0.003 | − 0.006 | 0.012 |
Smoking (Ref: No) | 0.2 | − 0.9 | 1.3 | 0.007 | − 0.001 | 0.017 |
Meso level factors | ||||||
Receive support from others (Ref: Support not needed) | 0.02 | − 0.4 | 0.9 | − 0.0008 | − 0.006 | 0.005 |
Receive support from organizations (Ref: No) | − 0.002 | − 0.6 | 0.6 | − 0.004 | − 0.009 | 0.0007 |
Availability of social support (Ref: Very high to high) | 1.4* | 0.6 | 2.1 | 0.034* | 0.027 | 0.04 |
Social activities (Ref: Active in more than one activity) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Active in one activity | − 2.5* | − 3.1 | − 1.9 | − 0.02* | − 0.028 | − 0.018 |
 Not currently active/wish to be | − 4.5* | − 5.4 | − 3.6 | − 0.04* | − 0.048 | − 0.033 |
Macro level factors | ||||||
Insurance type (Reference: Statutory insurance) | 1.1* | 0.5 | 1.7 | 0.005* | 0.0003 | 0.01 |
Suppl. government insurance (Ref: No) | − 0.4 | − 1.8 | 0.8 | 0.004 | − 0.007 | 0.012 |
Adjusted R-Squared | 0.2354 | 0.2402 | Â | |||