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Table 2 Description of pain and differences between T1 and T2 for all (N = 309) and for woman (N = 252) and men (N = 57) separately

From: Health-related quality of life in parents of adolescents one year into the COVID-19 pandemic: a two-year longitudinal study

 

All

N = 309

 

p-value

Mothers

N = 252

  

Fathers

N = 57

 

p-value

T1 (2019)

T2 (2021)

 

T1 (2019)

T2 (2021)

 

T1 (2019)

T2 (2021)

 

Average pain scorea

1.57 (1.79)

1.8 (1.9)

0.012*

1.74 (1.9)

2.0 (1.9)

0.040*

0.9 (1.1)

1.2 (1.49)

0.002*

Pain interference, activityb

1.5 (2.0)

1.5 (1.8)

0.505

1.6 (2.09)

1.6 (2.2)

0.401

1.0 (1.4)

0.7 (1.1)

0.588

Pain interference, emotionsb

1.6 (1.9)

1.8 (2.2)

0.007*

1.7 (2.0)

2.0 (2.2)

0.018*

1.1 (1.4)

1.1 (1.4)

0.165

Pain duration

  

0.014*

  

0.025*

  

0.548

No pain

122 (40%)

94 (30%)

 

94 (37%)

71 (28%)

 

28 (41%)

23 (40%)

 

 ≤ 3 months

50 (16%)

60 (19%)

 

41 (16%)

47 (19%)

 

9 (16%)

13 (23%)

 

 > 3 months

137 (44%)

155 (50%)

 

117 (47%)

134 (53%)

 

20 (35%)

21 (37%)

 

Pain analgesics in the past 4 weeks

  

0.175

  

0.556

  

0.115

Yes

83 (60%)

171 (55%)

 

154 (61%)

148 (59%)

 

31 (54%)

23 (40%)

 

No

124 (40%)

138 (45%)

 

98 (39%)

104 (41%)

 

26 (46%)

34 (60%)

 

Frequency of pain analgesics in the past 4 weeks

  

0.805

     

0.846

Daily

17 (9%)

23 (14%)

 

14 (9%)

18 (12%)

 

3 (10%)

5 (22%)

 

Every week, but not daily

35 (19%)

34 (20%)

 

31 (20%)

32 (22%)

 

4 (13%)

2 (8%)

 

Less often than every week

132 (71%)

112 (65%)

 

108 (70%)

96 (65%)

 

24 (77%)

16 (70%)

 

No intake

1 (0.5%)

2 (1%)

 

1 (1%)

2 (1%)

 

-

-

 

Family pain

  

0.317

  

0.267

  

0.446

Yes

135 (44%)

148 (48%)

 

117 (46%)

115 (45%)

 

18 (32%)

13 (23%)

 

No

138 (45%)

128 (41%)

 

107 (43%)

115 (46%)

 

31 (54%)

33 (58%)

 

Don’t know

36 (11%)

33 (11%)

 

28 (11%)

22 (9%)

 

8 (14%)

11 (19%)

 

Chronic illness

  

0.176

  

0.162

  

1.000

Yes

76 (25%)

75 (24%)

 

61 (24%)

59 (24%)

 

15 (26%)

16 (28%)

 

No

230 (74%)

226 (73%)

 

188 (75%)

185 (73%)

 

42 (74%)

41 (72%)

 

Don’t know

3 (1%)

8 (2%)

 

3 (1%)

8 (3%)

    
  1. Categorical data are presented as number (%) and continuous variables as mean (SD). McNemar tests were used to compare differences in categorical variables and paired sample t tests for continuous data
  2. aRange: 0–10, where 10 indicates pain as bad as can be imagined
  3. bRange 0–10, where 10 indicates complete interference of pain
  4. *p ≤ 0.05