Table 4 Known-group validity (7 studies)
From: Assessing the psychometric performance of EQ-5D-5L in dementia: a systematic review
Study references (author, year) | Index or dimensions or both assessed | Groups defined by | Significant differences | Effect size | Mean differences across groups in direction consistent with clinical expectation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes/No | |||||
Easton, 2018a [14] | Both | Cognition impairment [PAS-Cog score] | Yes | Small | No. PwD (self-report) with more impairment have higher EQ-5D-5L score |
| Â | Â | Functional impairment in terms of dependence [MBI score] | Yes | Small to moderate | Yes as impairment increases, EQ-5D-5L score decreases |
| Â | Â | Dementia status: with a diagnosis vs. without a diagnosis | No | Small | No. People with dementia have higher EQ-5D-5L score |
Handels, 2018b [23] | Index | Unmet need [no unmet need, 1 or 2 unmet needs, and 3 or more unmet needs] | Yes | Smallc | Yes. People with more unmet needs have lower EQ-5D-5L score |
Ratcliffe, 2017a [36] | Index | Cognitive impairment [MMSE] | Yes | Small | Yes. Those with more severe levels of cognitive impairment have lower EQ-5D-5L score |
| Â | Â | Depression [CSDD score] | Yes | Small | Yes. Those with more severe depression have lower EQ-5D-5L score |
| Â | Â | Self-care [MBI dependence score] | Yes | Small | Yes. Those with more impairment have lower EQ-5D-5L score |
| Â | Â | Pain [PainAd score] | Yes | Small | Yes. As pain increases EQ-5D-5L score decreases |
Sopina, 2019b [34] | Both | Facilitated family case conferencing (similar to care planning) versus with usual care | No | Small | Yes. Those participants with exposure to the case conference had higher EQ-5D-5L scores |
Toh, 2020a [21] | Both | Physical function and communication ability [RAF—Resident Assessment Form] | Yes | Small | Yes. Those with less impairment had higher EQ-5D-5L scores |
Umegaki, 2020b [30] | Both | People with and without sarcopenia | Yes | Small | Yes. Those with sarcopenia had lower EQ-5D-5L scores |
van de Rijt, 2020b [37] | Index | People with and without dementia | No | Small | No difference between the two groups |