Table 4 Associations between Frailty and Health-related Quality of Life among older cancer patients: Tobit regression and Logistic regression (N = 229)

Sex

Male

Ref

Ref

Female

− 0.003

0.033

− 0.086

0.931

− 0.094

0.910

0.348–2.291

0.844

Marital status

Married

Ref

Ref

Not married

0.127

0.053

2.376

0.018

− 0.922

0.398

0.056–1.785

0.275

Education level

Uneducated and primary school

Ref

Ref

Middle school

0.055

0.031

1.761

0.078

− 0.784

0.456

0.173–1.146

0.102

High school and above

0.022

0.036

0.612

0.541

0.110

1.116

0.397–3.110

0.832

Health insurance

UEBMI

Ref

Ref

URRBMI

− 0.029

0.034

− 0.862

0.388

0.159

1.172

0.430–3.244

0.756

Monthly household income, Chinese yuan

 < 1000

Ref

Ref

1000–3000

0.020

0.036

0.550

0.582

− 0.723

0.485

0.180–1.284

0.147

3000–5000

− 0.037

0.040

− 0.926

0.354

− 0.232

0.793

0.263–2.371

0.678

5000–10,000

0.002

0.050

0.046

0.963

− 0.855

0.425

0.102–1.682

0.229

Cancer site

Lung

Ref

Ref

Stomach

0.143

0.035

4.081

0.000

− 1.687

0.185

0.048–0.559

0.006

Esophagus

0.011

0.040

0.268

0.789

− 0.552

0.576

0.182–1.670

0.323

Colorectal

0.167

0.045

3.738

0.000

− 0.827

0.437

0.131–1.318

0.156

Other

0.096

0.041

2.307

0.021

− 1.455

0.233

0.047–0.861

0.044

Cancer stage

I

Ref

Ref

II

− 0.071

0.042

− 1.692

0.091

0.178

1.187

0.275–5.106

0.814

III

− 0.150

0.038

− 3.885

0.000

1.369

3.930

1.270–14.158

0.024

IV

− 0.131

0.038

− 3.482

0.000

1.250

3.859

1.214–14.239

0.029

Comorbidity

0

Ref

Ref

1

0.042

0.029

1.440

0.150

− 0.178

0.837

0.342–1.952

0.687

 ≥ 2

− 0.034

0.042

-0.803

0.422

0.343

1.409

0.438–4.455

0.558

Diagnosis year

 ≤ 1

Ref

Ref

 ≥ 2

0.000

0.028

− 0.004

0.997

0.458

1.580

0.735–3.413

0.240

Frailty status

Not Frail

Ref

Ref

Frail

− 0.088

0.031

− 2.861

0.004

1.796

6.024

2.194–19.429

0.001