From: Predicting panel attrition in longitudinal HRQoL surveys during the COVID-19 pandemic in the US
Predictor in the previous wave | Attrition at wave 2 | Attrition at wave 3 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds ratio | Lower 95% CI | Upper 95% CI | Odds ratio | Lower 95% CI | Upper 95% CI | |
Age group | ||||||
18–24 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
25–34 | 0.596* | 0.423 | 0.839 | 0.636 | 0.375 | 1.079 |
35–44 | 0.553* | 0.388 | 0.786 | 0.378* | 0.219 | 0.654 |
45–54 | 0.426* | 0.291 | 0.625 | 0.313* | 0.175 | 0.560 |
55–64 | 0.735 | 0.508 | 1.064 | 0.241* | 0.133 | 0.437 |
≥ 65 | 0.620* | 0.409 | 0.939 | 0.078* | 0.038 | 0.159 |
Gender | ||||||
Male | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Female | 1.064 | 0.903 | 1.255 | 1.076 | 0.872 | 1.328 |
Other | 0.676 | 0.287 | 1.590 | 1.788 | 0.432 | 7.406 |
Race | ||||||
White | – | – | – | – | – | – |
American Indian or Alaska Native | 1.259 | 0.447 | 3.548 | 0.673 | 0.181 | 2.506 |
Asian | 0.925 | 0.668 | 1.281 | 0.573* | 0.381 | 0.861 |
Black or African American | 0.906 | 0.660 | 1.244 | 0.907 | 0.618 | 1.332 |
Multiple races | 1.630* | 1.297 | 2.048 | 0.653 | 0.351 | 1.217 |
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 2.674 | 0.254 | 28.129 | < .001 | < .001 | > 999.999 |
Other/prefer not to say | 0.717 | 0.359 | 1.432 | 0.437 | 0.164 | 1.160 |
Ethnicity | ||||||
Non-Hispanic | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Hispanic | 1.698* | 1.266 | 2.279 | 2.097* | 1.344 | 3.273 |
Prefer not to say | 2.250 | 0.798 | 6.350 | 4.060 | 0.952 | 17.313 |
Marital Status | ||||||
Married | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Single | – | – | – | 0.774* | 0.600 | 0.999 |
Widowed | – | – | – | 0.505 | 0.205 | 1.242 |
Divorced | – | – | – | 0.509* | 0.338 | 0.767 |
Separated | – | – | – | 0.567 | 0.206 | 1.565 |
Prefer not to say | – | – | – | 0.215 | 0.045 | 1.039 |
Insurance | ||||||
Commercial or private | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Medicare | – | – | – | 2.298* | 1.601 | 3.299 |
Medicaid/ACA | – | – | – | 0.970 | 0.721 | 1.303 |
Self-pay/none/don’t know | – | – | – | 1.683* | 1.216 | 2.329 |
Political affiliation | ||||||
Democrat | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Republican | – | – | – | 1.654* | 1.262 | 2.167 |
Independent | – | – | – | 1.237 | 0.939 | 1.629 |
None of the above | – | – | – | 0.918 | 0.514 | 1.642 |
Medical history | ||||||
Arthritis | – | – | – | 0.621* | 0.413 | 0.932 |
Diabetes | – | – | – | 1.599* | 1.078 | 2.372 |
Stroke | – | – | – | 3.682* | 1.101 | 12.308 |
Bronchitis | – | – | – | 0.386* | 0.217 | 0.686 |
Smoking | ||||||
Never | – | – | – | – | – | – |
In the past | – | – | – | 1.756* | 1.375 | 2.242 |
Currently | – | – | – | 1.430* | 1.057 | 1.935 |
BMI category | ||||||
Normal weight | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Underweight | – | – | – | 1.651* | 1.076 | 2.534 |
Overweight | – | – | – | 0.836 | 0.652 | 1.071 |
Obesity | – | – | – | 1.059 | 0.786 | 1.428 |
Medical care deferred due to COVID-19 | – | – | – | 1.612* | 1.238 | 2.101 |
Diagnosed with COVID-19 | – | – | – | 5.026* | 2.026 | 12.473 |
Experienced COVID-19-like symptoms not serious enough to require hospitalization | 1.384* | 1.052 | 1.821 | – | – | – |
Support social distancing policy | – | – | – | 1.047* | 1.004 | 1.092 |
Change of normal diet | 1.246* | 1.042 | 1.490 | – | – | – |
Average hours of sleep per day (1–15 scale) | 1.103* | 1.046 | 1.162 | – | – | – |
Employment change | ||||||
No change | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Work from home | – | – | – | 1.327* | 1.067 | 1.651 |
Lost job | – | – | – | 2.028* | 1.035 | 3.975 |
Laid off temporarily | – | – | – | 0.577* | 0.337 | 0.988 |
Work deemed essential | ||||||
No | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Yes | 1.223* | 1.020 | 1.466 | – | – | – |
Don’t know | 1.481 | 0.869 | 2.524 | – | – | – |
Average hours worked per day (0–12 scale) | 0.966* | 0.944 | 0.989 | – | – | – |
COVID-19 impact on productivity (0–10 scale) | 1.061* | 1.028 | 1.095 | – | – | – |
BRFSS, Finances by the end of the month | ||||||
End up with some money left over | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Just enough money to make ends meet | – | – | – | 1.435* | 1.132 | 1.821 |
Not enough money to make ends meet | – | – | – | 1.394 | 0.957 | 2.031 |
Don't know / Not sure | – | – | – | 1.381 | 0.582 | 3.279 |
Prefer not to answer | – | – | – | 2.738 | 0.877 | 8.543 |
EQ-5D-5L VAS Score | – | – | – | 1.011* | 1.005 | 1.017 |
VR-12 Q2a, Moderate activity | ||||||
Not limited at all | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Limited a little | 1.355* | 1.088 | 1.688 | – | – | – |
Limited a lot | 0.885 | 0.608 | 1.288 | – | – | – |
VR-12 Q3b, Limited in the kind of work or activities due to physical health | ||||||
None of the time | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Some of the time | – | – | – | 2.234* | 1.524 | 3.276 |
A little of the time | – | – | – | 1.502* | 1.107 | 2.039 |
Most of the time | – | – | – | 2.221* | 1.367 | 3.609 |
All of the time | – | – | – | 1.404 | 0.748 | 2.636 |
VR-12 Q6b, Have a lot of energy | ||||||
None of the time | – | – | – | – | – | – |
A little of the time | 1.436* | 1.036 | 1.989 | – | – | – |
Some of the time | 1.778* | 1.289 | 2.450 | – | – | – |
A good bit of the time | 1.202 | 0.861 | 1.676 | – | – | – |
Most of the time | 1.295 | 0.913 | 1.836 | – | – | – |
All of the time | 1.337 | 0.824 | 2.170 | – | – | – |
VR-12 Q9, Emotional problems compared to 1 year ago | ||||||
About the same | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Slightly better | 1.169 | 0.921 | 1.483 | – | – | – |
Much better | 1.974* | 1.424 | 2.736 | – | – | – |
Slightly worse | 0.950 | 0.773 | 1.166 | – | – | – |
Much worse | 0.951 | 0.672 | 1.345 | – | – | – |
Self-rated survey difficulty (0–10 scale) | 1.075* | 1.026 | 1.126 | 1.125* | 1.061 | 1.193 |