Table 3 Independent variables by operative and follow-up time period
From: Predictors of health-related quality of life after cardiac surgery: a systematic review
Independent predictors of HRQoL between 1 and 6 months follow-up | Independent predictors of HRQoL between 1 year and 3.5 years follow-up | Independent predictors of HRQoL at 8.2 years and beyond | |
|---|---|---|---|
Pre-operative variables | Alcohol use [33] BMI [31] Cerebrovascular disease [33, 34, 70] Charlton Comorbidity Index [31] Chronic Heart Failure [33] Chronic neurological disease [18] COPD [18] Delirium [33] Depression [33] Diabetes mellitus [47, 64, 68] Ethnicity (aboriginal) [33] Everyday functioning questionnaire [20] FEV1 [18] Gender:Female [31] Geriatric depression scale [31] Health behaviours [33] History of renal insufficiency [32] Illness perception questionnaire [30] Peripheral vascular disease [18] Previous cardiac surgery [20] Pre-op 15-D [47] Pre-op expectations (IPQ-E) [35] Pre-op MacNew score [62] Pre-op MCS [18] Pre-op PCS [18] Pre-op SF-12 physical QoL [35] Pre-op SF-12 psychological Qo [35] Profile of mood state vigor-activity [20] Profile of mood state fatigue-inertia [20] Psychiatric disease [18] Psychological distress [62] QoR-40 [12] Serum creatinine [18] Stress symptom score [16] Work:Not in workforce [20, 71] Work manual occupation [20] | Atrial fibrillation [66] Angina class [34] Back/neck problems [69] BMI [21] Chronic Heart Failure [19, 21] Cerebrovascular accident [70] Diabetes Mellitus [17, 29, 66, 70] Ethnicity (non-white) [21] Gastrointestinal tract problems [19] Gender [24] Gender/marital status interaction [69] Hypertension [21] Infection [29] MI [21] Mobility [61] Neurological disease [26] Other diseases [67] Pain intensity [69] Parsonnet score [34] PCI < 1 year [29] Peripheral or cerebral vascular Disease [34] Peripheral Vascular Disease [19, 21] Pre-op PCS [13, 14, 22, 24,25,26, 29] Pre-op SAQ [70] Pre-op SF-36 [4] Pre-op VAS [61] Pre-op VR36 [70] Presence coronary artery disease [21] Pulmonary disease [25] QoR-40 [4] Redo surgery [21] Renal disease [25] Segment wall motion (abnormal) [34] Serum creatinine [66] Type D personality [19] Type valvular heart disease [17] | Angina [27] COPD [59] COPD/asthma [63] CCSC [63] Duration of cardiac symptoms pre-op > 120 days [48] Dyspnea [27] Height [59] Pre-op Nottingham Health Profile [57] Pre-op inferior QoL [65] Protective use of statin [48] Peripheral Vascular Disease [63] Redo surgery [63] Smoking [63] |
Intra-operative variables | Cardiopulmonary bypass duration [23] Higher mean pulmonary pressure [20] CABG procedure [71] | On cardiopulmonary bypass [34] Prosthetic valve type [17] CABG procedure [26] | Inotropic drugs at time of surgery [65] |
Post-operative variables | Aid from network members [67] Dobutamine [23] Length of hospital stay [32] MI [67] Prolonged LOS [31] New cardiac arrhythmia [20] No of categories of traumatic memory [16] Other diseases [67] Pain:severe and unbearable [47] Physical exertion causing symptoms [67] Post-op expectations (IPQ-E) [35] Post-op SF-12 physical QoL [35] Post-op SF-12 psychological QoL [35] Readmission to hospital within 6 weeks [32] Reexploration [32] Renal replacement for acute renal failure [23] Restlessness during ICU treatment [47] Sternal resuturing [32] Symptoms on mild exertion or at rest [67] Ventilation > 48 h [23] | Infective complications [19] Ejection fraction at follow-up [66] ICU LOS [24] Mitral regurgitation at follow-up echo [66] Perioperative MI [28] QoL at 1 month (15D) [67] Quality of life at 3 months [4] Poor QOR-40 at 1 month [4] Physical exertion causing symptoms [67] Post-operative rhythm [17] Sternal complications [17] Symptoms on mild exertion or at rest [67] Systolic pulmonary artery pressure at follow-up [66] | High pain score at 15 months [48] ICU time [65] ICU 2 days [63] ICU > 3 days [48] Length ventilator time [59] Low energy score at 15 months [48] |