Problems undermining the health-related quality of life of people living with HIV in Spain: a qualitative study to inform the development of a novel clinic screening tool

Table 2 Selected examples of study findings on factors associated with positive and negative health-related quality-of-life outcomes

Factors associated with health-related quality-of-life outcomes	Year	Source	Health-related quality-of-life instrument
Factors associated with positive outcomes
Social support	2013	Bekele [52]	MOS-HIV
	2015	Dalmida [53]	SF-36
	2014	DeGroote [25]	N/A
	2019	den Daas [54]	SF-12
	2013	Emlet [55]	SF-8
	2016	George [56]	MOS-HIV
	2016	Niderost [57]	WHOQOL-HIV-Bref
	2013	Slater [58]	HAT-QoL
Factors associated with negative outcomes
Comorbidity	2014	DeGroote [25]	N/A
	2013	Emlet [55]	SF-8
	2016	George [56]	MOS-HIV
	2016	Niderost [57]	WHOQOL-HIV-Bref
	2013	Slater [58]	HAT-QoL
Depression	2016	Ballester-Arnal [59]	MOS-HIV
	2017	Catalan [60]	WHOQOL-HIV Bref
	2015	Dalmida [53]	SF-36
	2014	DeGroote [25]	N/A
	2019	Olson [61]	FAHI
High symptom burden or presence of specific symptoms (e.g., body disfigurement, memory difficulties, sexual functioning)	2016	Ballester-Arnal [59]	MOS-HIV
	2017	Brandt [62]	WHOQOL-HIV-Bref
	2014	DeGroote [25]	N/A
	2019	den Daas [54]	SF-12
	2016	George [56]	MOS-HIV
	2019	Olson [61]	FAHI
Stigma	2018	Reinius [27]	Swed-Qual
	2013	Slater [58]	HAT-QoL
HIV disclosure concerns	2016	Fekete [63]	HAT-QoL
	2018	Logie [26]	SF-12
Material insecurity (e.g., unemployment, financial problems, unmet needs for food and housing)	2016	Ballester-Arnal [59]	MOS-HIV
	2014	DeGroote [25]	N/A
	2014	Douab [64]	SF-12
	2016	George [56]	MOS-HIV
	2018	Logie [26]	SF-12
	2016	Niderost [57]	WHOQOL-HIV-Bref
	2018	Sok [65]	MOS-HIV

FAHI: Functional Assessment of HIV Infection. HAT-QoL: HIV/AIDS-Targeted Quality of Life. MOS-HIV: Medical Outcomes Study HIV Health Survey. SF-8: 8-Item Short-Form Survey. SF-12: 12-Item Short-Form Survey. SF-36: 36-Item Short-Form Survey. Swed-Qual: Swedish Health-Related Quality of Life Survey. WHOQOL-HIV-Bref: World Health Organization Quality of Life–HIV BREF

ISSN: 1477-7525