Table 1 Factors associated with HPLP among older adults
Characteristics | N (%) | \(\overline{\mathrm{X} }\)±S | t/F/H | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Empty nest |  |  | − 3.86 |  < 0.001 |
Empty nest | 4901(57.5) | 105.3 ± 19.7 |  |  |
Non-empty nest | 3625(42.5) | 106.9 ± 19.5 |  |  |
Gender | Â | Â | 2.09 | 0.037 |
Males | 4239(49.7) | 106.4 ± 19.8 |  |  |
Females | 4287(50.3) | 105.6 ± 19.4 |  |  |
Age |  |  | 38.08 |  < 0.001 |
60 years ~  | 4570(53.6) | 106.9 ± 19.6 |  |  |
70 years ~  | 2956(34.7) | 106.2 ± 19.4 |  |  |
80 years ~  | 1000(11.7) | 101.0 ± 19.7 |  |  |
Residence |  |  | − 19.81 |  < 0.001 |
Rural | 5543(65.0) | 102.9 ± 18.8 |  |  |
Urban | 2983(34.9) | 111.7 ± 19.9 |  |  |
Education |  |  | 503.78a |  < 0.001 |
Primary education | 5352(62.8) | 102.5 ± 19.0 |  |  |
Secondary education | 2753(32.3) | 110.9 ± 18.5 |  |  |
Higher education | 421(4.9) | 118.1 ± 21.9 |  |  |
Marital status |  |  | 176.83a |  < 0.001 |
Widowed | 2067(24.2) | 101.4 ± 19.2 |  |  |
Divorced | 184(2.2) | 106.9 ± 18.7 |  |  |
Spinsterhood | 236(2.8) | 101.3 ± 21.9 |  |  |
Married | 6039(70.8) | 107.7 ± 19.4 |  |  |
Pre-retirement occupation |  |  | 99.89 |  < 0.001 |
Jobless | 607(7.1) | 102.8 ± 20.6 |  |  |
Migrate workers | 431(5.1) | 105.6 ± 20.6 |  |  |
Farmer | 4179(49.0) | 101.4 ± 18.4 |  |  |
Commercial and service laborers | 152(1.8) | 110.9 ± 16.5 |  |  |
Dealer | 335(3.9) | 110.8 ± 18.9 |  |  |
Worker | 906(10.6) | 109.3 ± 18.3 |  |  |
Laborers of company | 732(8.6) | 114.1 ± 19.5 |  |  |
Laborers of public institution | 1184(13.9) | 114.4 ± 19.2 |  |  |
Working | Â | Â | 0.05 | 0.963 |
No | 7732(90.7) | 105.9 ± 19.5 |  |  |
Yes | 794(9.3) | 105.9 ± 21.2 |  |  |
Source of income |  |  | 495.07a |  < 0.001 |
Social relief and others | 668(7.8) | 99.3 ± 20.7 |  |  |
Supply from children | 2983(34.9) | 102.9 ± 18.5 |  |  |
Personal and spouse | 2209(25.9) | 103.9 ± 18.9 |  |  |
Pension | 2666(31.3) | 112.7 ± 19.4 |  |  |
Monthly income |  |  | 598.60a |  < 0.001 |
No | 3060(35.9) | 101.4 ± 18.9 |  |  |
 < 1000 yuan | 2269(26.6) | 103.3 ± 18.5 |  |  |
1000 yuan~  | 2171(25.5) | 110.3 ± 18.7 |  |  |
3000 yuan~  | 1026(12.0) | 116.5 ± 20.3 |  |  |
Relationship with children |  |  | − 2.88 | 0.004 |
No children or bad | 1067(12.5) | 104.4 ± 19.7 |  |  |
Good | 7459(87.5) | 106.2 ± 19.6 |  |  |
Spouse relationship |  |  | − 2.26 | 0.024 |
No spouse or bad | 766(8.9) | 104.5 ± 19.9 |  |  |
Good | 7760(91.0) | 106.1 ± 19.6 |  |  |