Quality of life and mental health in emerging adults with cerebral palsy compared to the general population

Table 2 Descriptive characteristics and independent t-tests on QoL and mental health outcomes in emerging adults with cerebral palsy (CP) and the general population (GP)

	Range	CP				GP				t-tests
	Range	N	M	SD	α	N	M	SD	α	t-tests
WHOQOL-BREF
Physical health	0–20	194	13.90	3.07	0.73	593	15.81	2.60	0.76	t(785) = − 8.48, p < 0.001, d = − 0.67
Psychological health	0–20	187	14.88	2.53	0.61	593	14.29	2.84	0.74	t(778) = 2.56, p = 0.011, d = 0.22
Social relationships	0–20	195	14.79	3.34	0.60	593	14.52	3.38	0.69	t(786) = 0.96, p = 0.338, d = 0.08
Environment	0–20	196	15.65	2.36	0.67	593	14.64	2.62	0.78	t(787) = 4.82, p < 0.001, d = 0.41
Depression symptoms
PHQ-9	0–27	197	5.58	4.12	0.73	593	8.01	5.47	0.85	t(788) = − 5.74, p < 0.001, d = − 0.50
Anxiety symptoms
GAD-7	0–21	195	4.38	4.13	0.85	593	6.03	4.96	0.89	t(786) = − 4.20, p < 0.001, d = − 0.36
Self-efficacy
GSE	0–40	198	25.18	9.01	0.95	591	28.44	6.01	0.88	t(787) = − 5.77, p < 0.001, d = − 0.43

N = sample size, M = mean, SD = standard deviation, α = Cronbach’s Alpha, independent t-tests: not controlled for pain and impairment

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