Health-related quality of life among Ebola survivors in Sierra Leone: the role of socio-demographic, health-related and psycho-social factors

James, Peter Bai; Wardle, Jon; Gyasi, Razak M.; Steel, Amie; Adams, Jon; Kabba, John Alimamy; Bah, Abdulai Jawo; Lahai, Michael; Conteh, Eugene B.

doi:10.1186/s12955-022-01916-y

Table 3 Univariate Analysis of the factors associated with physical health composite score, mental health composites and overall health related quality of life among Ebola survivors

Characteristics	Variables	PCS			MCS
		β	95%CI	p value	β	95%CI	p value
Sex	Male	1.55	− 0.11, − 3.22	0.068	0.15	− 1.217, 1.509	0.833
	Female	Ref			Ref
Age group	18–49	Ref			Ref		< 0.001
	≥ 50 years	− 6.74	− 9.59, − 3.89	< 0.001	− 4.82	− 7.15, − 2.49
Religion	Christianity	− 0.59	− 2.45, 1.27	0.534	− 0.18	− 1.69, 1.33	0.813
	Islam	Ref			Ref
Education status	Non-formal	− 5.18	− 7.80, − 2.56	< 0.001	− 3.70	− 5.87, − 1.54	< 0.001
	Primary	− 0.68	− 3.90, 2.53	0.676	− 0.81	− 3.47, 1.85	0.548
	Secondary	− 1.13	− 3.80, 1.53	0.404	− 1.74	− 3.94, 0.46	0.121
	Tertiary	Ref			Ref
Marital Status	Single	Ref			Ref
	Married/cohabitating	− 1.162	− 3.07, 0.75	0.233	− 0.13	− 1.68, 1.43	0.874
	Divorce /separated/	− 1.41	− 9.15, 6.33	0.721	2.85	− 3.45, 9.14	0.375
	widowed	− 3.85	− 6.11, − 1.60	0.001	− 2.50	− 4.33, − 0.67	0.008
Residence	urban	0.92	− 0.75, 2.58	0.281	0.72	− 0.63, 2.07	0.294
	Rural	Ref			Ref
Economic Status	Impossible/difficult all time	− 3.73	− 8.79, 1.33	0.148	− 2.03	− 6.10, 2.05	0.329
	Difficult sometimes	− 2.19	− 7.13, 2.76		0.29	− 3.70, 4.27
	Not too bad/easy	Ref		0.385	Ref		0.887
Region	Northern region	− 5.04	− 6.95, − 3.13	< 0.001	− 2.60	− 4.19, − 1.01	0.001
	Southern region	− 0.70	− 3.10, 1.72	0.571	− 1.18	− 3.19, 0.83	0.249
	Eastern region	− 2.49	− 4.81, − 0.18	0.035	− 1.17	− 3.10, 0.76	0.232
	Western area	Ref			Ref
Known chronic condition	Yes	− 0.35	− 2.78, 2.08	0.777	− 0.08	− 2.06, 1.89	0.935
	No	Ref			Ref
Employment status after surviving Ebola	Employed	Ref			Ref
	Not employed	− 0.38	− 2.02, 1.25	0.647	− 1.18	− 2.51, 0.14	0.080
Current perceived health status	Very good/good	Ref			Ref
	Fair/poor	− 5.14	− 6.89, − 3.38	< 0.001	− 5.44	− 6.82, − 4.06	< 0.001
Duration (months) since discharged from ETC		− 0.07	− 0.29, 0.14	0.502	− 0.05	− 0.23, 0.12	0.536
Time spent at ETC		− 0.08	− 0.15, − 0.01	0.018	− 0.09	− 0.15, − 0.04	< 0.001
Number of post-Ebola symptoms		− 1.45	− 1.88, − 1.01	< 0.001	− 0.96	− 1.32, − 0.60	< 0.001
Arthralgia (Joint pain)	Yes	− 2.69	− 5.29, − 0.10	0.042	− 1.16	− 3.28, 0.96	0.283
	No	ref			ref
Headache	Yes	0.08	− 1.82, 1.99	0.931	− 0.73	− 2.27, 0.82	0.357
	No	Ref			Ref
Ocular symptoms	Yes	− 3.77	− 5.36, − 2.17	< 0.001	− 2.55	− 3.86, 1.24	< 0.001
	No	Ref			Ref
Fatigue	Yes	− 2.62	− 4.22, − 1.01	0.001	1.08	− 2.39, 0.24	0.109
	No	Ref			Ref
Back pain	Yes	− 1.51	− 3.13, 0.11	0.067	− 0.85	− 2.17, 0.47	0.205
	No	Ref			Ref
Abdominal pain	Yes	− 0.52	− 2.20, 1.17	0.544	− 1.08	− 2.44, 0.29	0.121
	No	Ref			Ref
Auditory symptoms	Yes	− 2.19	− 4.34, − 0.04	0.046	− 1.28	− 3.03, 0.48	0.153
	No	Ref			Ref
Skin disorders	Yes	− 3.64	− 5.86, − 2.140	0.001	− 2.16	− 3.98, 0.34	0.020
	No	Ref			Ref
Alopecia	Yes	− 1.37	− 4.01, 1.26	0.306	− 0.85	− 2.99, 1.30	0.438
	No	Ref			Ref
Internalized stigma (negative self-perception subscale		− 2.89	− 3.90, − 1.87	< 0.001	− 2.68	− 3.50, − 1.86	< 0.001
Enacted stigma		− 3.17	− 4.46, − 1.88	< 0.001	− 2.58	− 3.63, − 1.53	< 0.001

Back to article page

ISSN: 1477-7525

Contact us

Submission enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

Contact us