Oral health-related quality of life outcomes in a randomized clinical trial to assess a community-based oral hygiene intervention among adults living in low-income senior housing

Table 1 Descriptive, health and oral hygiene characteristics of the sample at baseline (T0) and their relationship to GOHAI (n = 331)

	Percent of total sample	Mean (SD) GOHAI Summary Score Sample Mean = 39.7 (sd = 7.8)	p value Kruskal–Wallis H test
Background characteristics
Gender			0.84
Male	42.0	39.7 (7.9)
Female	58.0	39.6 (7.7)
Age			0.20
< 62	31.1	37.9 (8.5)
> = 62	68.9	40.4 (7.3)
Race/ethnicity			0.51
Hispanic	58.3	38.9 (8.3)
Black Not Hispanic	23.0	40.1 (7.8)
White Not Hispanic and others	18.7	39.1 (7.0)
Education			0.61
Less than high school	47.7	39.9 (8.2)
Completed high school or more	52.3	39.5 (7.4)
Marital status			0.12
Single	30.2	38.9 (8.3)
Married/living as married	16.1	38.4 (8.8)
Separated/divorced	35.0	40.1 (6.5)
Widowed	18.7	41.0 (8.1)
Income			0.99
< $900	51.6	39.4 (8.1)
> = $900	48.4	39.9 (7.6)
Health status variables
Health insurance			0.49
Medicaid & Medicare + Medicaid	51.0	39.1 (8.0)
Medicare only	13.0	39.5 (7.6)
Other	36.0	42.2 (6.1)
Number of diagnoses (Mean = 3.8 (sd = 1.4); median = 4)			0.27
0–4	67.4	40.5 (7.4)
4 +	32.6	37.9 (8.2)
Number of diagnoses that interfere with daily activities			0.01
0	42.0	42.4 (6.3)
1 +	58.0	37.7 (8.1)
CES-DSF			0.02
0–4	57.4	41.2 (6.9)
4 +	42.6	37.5 (8.3)
Rating of oral health			0.01
Poor and fair	63.1	37.7 (8.2)
Good and excellent	36.9	42.9 (5.6)
Oral hygiene behaviors
Brushing teeth frequency			0.88
Less than twice a day	25.4	38.9 (7.5)
Twice a day or more	74.6	39.9 (7.9)
Flossing frequency			0.54
Less than once a day	55.6	39.9 (7.6)
Once a day or more	44.4	39.4 (8.0)

ISSN: 1477-7525