Table 1 Participants’ demographic characteristics (N = 1,165)

Sex N (%)

Male

632 (54.2%)

567 (48.6%)

Female

533 (45.8%)

598 (51.4%)

Age

M (SD)

54.3 (14.7)

48.1 (16.5)

Median [IQR]

56 [43–66]

48 [34–61]

Age (grouped) N (%)

18–39 years

209 (17.9%)

406 (34.9%)

40–49 years

213 (18.3%)

227 (19.5%)

50–59 years

221 (19.0%)

197 (16.9%)

60–69 years

305 (26.2%)

146 (12.5%)

 ≥ 70 years

217 (18.6%)

189 (16.2%)

Education N (%)

Below compulsory education

14 (1.2%)

15 (1.3%)

Compulsory school

83 (7.2%)

79 (6.8%)

Some post-compulsory school

132 (11.4%)

117 (10.1%)

Post-compulsory below university

360 (31.1%)

334 (28.8%)

University degree (bachelor)

374 (32.3%)

392 (33.9%)

Postgraduate degree

196 (16.9%)

220 (19.0%)

Prefer not to answer

6

8

Marital status N (%)

Single/not in a steady relationship

120 (10.3%)

188 (16.2%)

Married or in a steady relationship

854 (73.6%)

823 (70.9%)

Separated/divorced/widowed

187 (16.1%)

150 (12.9%)

Prefer not to answer

4

3

Employment status N (%)

Full-time employed

437 (37.6%)

507 (43.7%)

Part-time employed

87 (7.5%)

104 (9.0%)

Homemaker

88 (7.6%)

85 (7.3%)

Student

14 (1.2%)

38 (3.3%)

Unemployed

109 (9.4%)

112 (9.7%)

Retired

352 (30.3%)

245 (21.1%)

Self-employed

59 (5.1%)

49 (4.3%)

Other

17 (1.5%)

19 (1.6%)

Prefer not to answer

2

4

Comorbidity N (%)

None

391 (34.8%)

429 (38.4%)

One or more

733 (65.2%)

688 (61.6%)

Chronic pain

252 (22.4%)

239 (21.4%)

Heart disease

55 (4.9%)

42 (3.7%)

Cancer

31 (2.8%)

26 (2.3%)

Depression

110 (9.8%)

113 (10.1%)

COPD

47 (4.2%)

35 (3.1%)

Arthritis

103 (9.2%)

96 (8.6%)

Diabetes

135 (12.0%)

113 (10.1%)

Asthma

59 (5.2%)

74 (6.6%)

Anxiety disorder

97 (8.6%)

100 (9.0%)

Obesity

148 (13.2%)

142 (12.7%)

Drug/alcohol disorder

4 (0.4%)

6 (0.6%)

Other

208 (18.5%)

180 (16.1%)

Prefer not to answer

35

42

Missing

6

6