Table 1 General characteristics of adolescent QoL and personality traits with MS study
Variables | All | Metabolic syndrome (MS) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | 1 ~ 2 MS Components | Yes | P | ||
Sample size | 1961 | 1052 (53.65%) | 817 (41.66%) | 92 (4.69%) | |
Region | |||||
Urban | 1467 (74.81%) | 829 (78.80%) | 576 (70.50%) | 62 (67.39%) | < 0.01 |
Rural | 494 (25.19%) | 223 (21.20%) | 241 (29.50%) | 30 (32.61%) | |
Gender, male (n (%)) | 1020 (52.01%) | 554 (52.66%) | 415 (50.8%) | 51 (55.43%) | 0.58 |
Age, y | 11.68 ± 0.60 | 11.65 ± 0.60 | 11.72 ± 0.60 | 11.75 ± 0.60 | 0.04 |
Anthropometric measures in 2014 | |||||
Age, y | 7.26 ± 0.59 | 7.24 ± 0.59 | 7.28 ± 0.58 | 7.29 ± 0.60 | 0.33 |
Height, cm | 124.52 ± 6.11 | 123.67 ± 5.86a | 125.27 ± 6.15 b | 127.57 ± 6.72 c | < 0.01 |
Weight, kg | 25.92 ± 5.58 | 24.27 ± 4.13a | 27.27 ± 5.98 b | 32.65 ± 7.61 c | < 0.01 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 16.59 ± 2.53 | 15.79 ± 1.82a | 17.24 ± 2.75 b | 19.84 ± 3.09 c | < 0.01 |
Waist circumference, cm | 55.69 ± 7.09 | 53.59 ± 5.55a | 57.40 ± 7.48 b | 64.23 ± 8.46 c | < 0.01 |
SBP, mmHg | 100.6 ± 8.94 | 98.85 ± 8.36a | 102.14 ± 9.04 b | 106.70 ± 9.33 c | < 0.01 |
DBP, mmHg | 62.68 ± 7.76 | 61.57 ± 7.51a | 63.72 ± 7.79 b | 66.08 ± 8.04 c | < 0.01 |
Anthropometric measures in 2019 | |||||
Height, cm | 151.75 ± 7.98 | 150.22 ± 7.89a | 153.21 ± 7.67b | 156.33 ± 7.59c | < 0.01 |
Weight, kg | 44.30 ± 10.98 | 39.63 ± 7.69a | 48.58 ± 11.24b | 59.62 ± 11.30c | < 0.01 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 19.07 ± 3.76 | 17.45 ± 2.50a | 20.58 ± 4.01b | 24.22 ± 3.32c | < 0.01 |
Waist circumference, cm | 65.83 ± 10.03 | 61.20 ± 5.98a | 70.06 ± 10.77b | 81.18 ± 8.26c | < 0.01 |
Hip circumference, cm | 81.68 ± 8.28 | 78.45 ± 6.49a | 84.68 ± 8.41b | 92.05 ± 6.58c | < 0.01 |
SBP, mmHg | 105.71 ± 9.49 | 102.76 ± 8.02a | 108.29 ± 9.62b | 116.62 ± 9.36c | < 0.01 |
DBP, mmHg | 62.82 ± 6.70 | 61.40 ± 5.87a | 63.98 ± 7.07b | 68.72 ± 7.05c | < 0.01 |
Puberty | 536 (27.33%) | 267 (25.38%) | 246 (30.11%) | 23 (25.00%) | 0.11 |
Serum biochemical indexes in 2014 | |||||
FBG, mmol/l | 4.12 ± 0.6 | 4.07 ± 0.59a | 4.17 ± 0.58ab | 4.29 ± 0.71b | < 0.01 |
TC, mmol/l | 3.51 ± 0.72 | 3.49 ± 0.75 | 3.54 ± 0.68 | 3.62 ± 0.69 | 0.25 |
TG, mmol/l | 0.91 ± 0.53 | 0.82 ± 0.42a | 0.99 ± 0.58b | 1.36 ± 0.78c | < 0.01 |
HDL-C, mmol/l | 1.26 ± 0.27 | 1.30 ± 0.27a | 1.23 ± 0.27b | 1.10 ± 0.22c | < 0.01 |
LDL-C, mmol/l | 1.73 ± 0.56 | 1.68 ± 0.53a | 1.78 ± 0.59a | 1.99 ± 0.63b | < 0.01 |
Serum biochemical indexes in 2019 | |||||
FBG, mmol/l | 4.45 ± 0.43 | 4.45 ± 0.38 | 4.45 ± 0.49 | 4.50 ± 0.51 | 0.58 |
TC, mmol/l | 3.52 ± 0.61 | 3.53 ± 0.57 | 3.50 ± 0.66 | 3.47 ± 0.62 | 0.43 |
TG, mmol/l | 1.06 ± 0.50 | 0.83 ± 0.20a | 1.26 ± 0.55b | 1.85 ± 0.84c | < 0.01 |
HDL-C, mmol/l | 1.44 ± 0.31 | 1.55 ± 0.28a | 1.34 ± 0.28b | 1.06 ± 0.20c | < 0.01 |
LDL-C, mmol/l | 1.84 ± 0.44 | 1.81 ± 0.42a | 1.86 ± 0.46a | 1.94 ± 0.46b | < 0.01 |
Metabolic syndrome components | |||||
Central obesity | 428 (21.83%) | _ | 341 (41.74%) | 87 (94.57%) | < 0.01 |
Elevated triglycerides | 499 (25.45%) | _ | 416 (50.92%) | 83 (90.22%) | < 0.01 |
Reduced HDL-C | 182 (9.28%) | _ | 122 (14.93%) | 60 (65.22%) | < 0.01 |
Elevated blood pressure | 192 (9.79%) | _ | 141 (17.26%) | 51 (55.43%) | < 0.01 |
Impaired fasting glucose | 30 (1.53%) | _ | 27 (3.30%) | 3 (3.26%) | < 0.01 |
Perinatal measures | |||||
Fatal weight of pregnancy week | |||||
Appropriate for gestational age | 1097 (68.18%) | 599 (69.41%) | 444 (66.37%) | 54 (70.13%) | 0.04 |
Small for gestational age | 126 (7.83%) | 79 (9.15%) | 43 (6.43%) | 4 (5.19%) | |
Large for gestational age | 386 (23.99%) | 185 (21.44%) | 182 (27.20%) | 19 (24.68%) | |
Mother’s education, y | |||||
~ 9 | 641 (33.42%) | 335 (32.56%) | 283 (35.42%) | 23 (25.56%) | 0.04 |
~ 12 | 660 (34.41%) | 363 (35.28%) | 254 (31.79%) | 43 (47.78%) | |
≥ 15 | 617 (32.17%) | 331 (32.17%) | 262 (32.79%) | 24 (26.67%) | |
13 domains of QoL | |||||
Self-satisfy | 50.07 ± 11.35 | 49.81 ± 11.32 | 50.54 ± 11.40 | 48.99 ± 11.18 | 0.25 |
Relationship of teacher and pupil | 53.59 ± 10.08 | 53.50 ± 9.97 | 53.82 ± 10.09 | 52.67 ± 11.29 | 0.53 |
Physical feeling | 49.94 ± 10.75 | 49.97 ± 10.57 | 49.99 ± 10.89 | 49.25 ± 11.61 | 0.82 |
Companionship | 53.74 ± 10.51 | 53.42 ± 10.46 | 54.33 ± 10.30 | 52.24 ± 12.49 | 0.07 |
Parenthood | 51.27 ± 11.36 | 51.18 ± 11.17 | 51.45 ± 11.70 | 50.81 ± 10.64 | 0.82 |
Physical activity ability | 50.14 ± 10.66 | 50.93 ± 10.45a | 49.48 ± 10.80a | 46.89 ± 10.84b | < 0.01 |
Learning ability and attitude | 51.77 ± 10.24 | 51.50 ± 10.15 | 52.26 ± 10.16 | 50.53 ± 11.69 | 0.14 |
Self-esteem | 50.34 ± 11.06 | 50.17 ± 10.96 | 50.76 ± 11.09 | 48.64 ± 11.83 | 0.17 |
Negative emotion | 47.71 ± 11.25 | 47.57 ± 11.26 | 48.05 ± 11.09 | 46.41 ± 12.47 | 0.34 |
Attitude of doing homework | 51.47 ± 9.06 | 51.57 ± 8.92 | 51.48 ± 9.05 | 50.25 ± 10.77 | 0.41 |
Activity opportunity | 54.60 ± 9.62 | 54.16 ± 9.59 | 55.26 ± 9.64 | 53.69 ± 9.46 | 0.03 |
Living convenience | 54.45 ± 7.73 | 54.28 ± 7.60 | 54.57 ± 7.96 | 55.18 ± 7.18 | 0.47 |
Other (picky-eating and surroundings) | 50.66 ± 10.12 | 50.04 ± 10.24a | 51.25 ± 9.93a | 52.49 ± 10.03b | < 0.01 |
Four factors of QoL | |||||
Psychosocial health factor | 64.79 ± 10.37 | 64.64 ± 10.19 | 65.18 ± 10.46 | 63.13 ± 11.45 | 0.46 |
Physical and mental health factor | 35.87 ± 5.98 | 35.89 ± 5.87 | 35.94 ± 6.06 | 35.12 ± 6.50 | 0.16 |
Living environment factor | 24.01 ± 4.28 | 24.14 ± 4.24a | 23.94 ± 4.33a | 23.11 ± 4.19b | 0.07 |
Quality of life satisfaction factor | 24.90 ± 4.37 | 24.75 ± 4.40 | 25.11 ± 4.36 | 24.79 ± 4.21 | 0.21 |
Total score of QoL | 52.61 ± 12.37 | 52.47 ± 12.17ab | 53.06 ± 12.56a | 50.33 ± 12.85b | 0.12 |
Personality characteristics | |||||
Extraversion (E) | 50.30 ± 13.04 | 50.69 ± 13.19a | 50.13 ± 12.86a | 47.33 ± 12.67b | 0.05 |
Neuroticism (N) | 50.28 ± 14.67 | 50.48 ± 14.55 | 49.80 ± 14.60 | 52.31 ± 16.59 | 0.26 |
Psychoticism (P) | 39.86 ± 8.96 | 39.92 ± 8.94 | 39.71 ± 8.86 | 40.58 ± 10.11 | 0.66 |
Lie (L) | 53.43 ± 8.89 | 53.41 ± 8.67 | 53.41 ± 9.09 | 53.89 ± 9.68 | 0.88 |