Effects of social support, hope and resilience on depressive symptoms within 18 months after diagnosis of prostate cancer

Table 3 Results from the hierarchical regression analyses

Variables	Step1(β)	Step2(β)		Step3(β)
Variables	Step1(β)	Model 1	Model 2	Model 1	Model 2
Covariates
Age	0.035	0.031	0.039	0.034	0.037
Education1	0.196***	0.104*	0.097*	0.049	0.045
Education2	0.172**	0.103*	0.107*	0.044	0.046
Time since diagnosis	− 0.027	0.023	0.028	0.021	0.026
Cancer stage	0.106*	0.064	0.063	0.054	0.055
Social support
Perceived social support		− 0.377***		− 0.168***
Perceived social support-others			–		–
Perceived social support-family			− 0.387***		− 0.183***
Perceived social support-friend			–		–
Psychological resource
Hope				− 0.176***	− 0.175***
Resilience				− 0.270***	− 0.264***
F	4.247***	17.064***	17.681***	24.648***	25.229***
R²	0.044	0.177	0.182	0.286	0.291
Adj.R²	0.033	0.166	0.172	0.275	0.279
R²-changes	0.044	0.133	0.138	0.109	0.109

β = standardized regression coefficient; Education1 = Middle school or below vs. Junior college or above; Education2 = High school vs. Junior college or above; Adj.R² = adjusted R²
There were two models (Model 1 and Model 2) in Step 2. Perceived social support (total score) was added in Model 1, and its components were added in Model 2 adjusted by the stepwise regression due to the high correlations among the MSPSS subscales
*p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001

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