Table 4 Differential item functioning results for the LTCQ and the LTCQ-8 (N = 1204)
Differential item functioning | LTCQ | LTCQ-8 |
|---|---|---|
Gender | No DIF | No DIF |
Age (quartiles) | Item 12: more severe for individuals 18–59 (0.46, p = 0.001) | Item 10: more severe for individuals 80 + (0.46, p = 0.001) |
Item 12: less severe for individuals 80 + (0.45, p = 0.001) | Item 12: less severe for individuals 80 + (0.48, p = 0.001) | |
Number of physical health LTCs | Item 18: more severe for individuals with 1 physical health LTC (0.51, p = 0.001) | No DIF |
Number of mental health LTCs | Item 3: less severe for individuals with 2 or more mental health LTCs (0.46, p = 0.001) | No DIF |
Item16: less severe for individuals with 2 or more mental health LTCs (0.56, p = 0.001) | ||
Cohort | Item 2: less severe for individuals in primary care (0.61, p = 0.001) | Item 10: less severe for individuals in primary care (0.51, p = 0.001) |
Item 9: more severe for individuals in primary care (0.59, p = 0.001) | Item 15: less severe for individuals in social care (0.48, p = 0.001) | |
Item 10: less severe for individuals in primary care (0.60, p = 0.001) | ||
Item 18: more severe for individuals in primary care (0.44, p = 0.001) | ||
Admitted to hospital in last 12 months due to LTC | No DIF | No DIF |