Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics of the women in the study
Characteristics | Case group N (%) | Control group N (%) | Statistical analysis |
|---|---|---|---|
339 (50.8) | 337 (49.2) | ||
Age | |||
18–25 y/o | 60 (17.7) | 91 (27.0) | p < 0.05 |
26–30 y/o | 108 (31.9) | 118 (35.0) | |
31–35 y/o | 99 (29.2) | 89 (26.4) | |
More than 36 y/o | 72 (21.2) | 39 (11.6) | |
Relationship status | |||
Married | 300 (88.5) | 302 (89.6) | p = 0.732 |
Single | 39 (11.5) | 35 (10.4) | |
Residence | |||
Urban—province capital | 134 (39.5) | 109 (32.3) | p = 0.076 |
Urban—other | 106 (31.3) | 105 (31.2) | |
Rural | 99 (29.2) | 123 (36.5) | |
Education | |||
Primary | 32 (9.4) | 35 (10.4) | p < 0.05 |
High school | 88 (26.0) | 110 (32.6) | |
Vocational/college degree | 73 (21.5) | 43 (12.8) | |
Master’s degree | 146 (43.1) | 149 (44.2) | |
Professional activity | |||
Professionally active | 207 (61.1) | 191 (56.7) | p = 0.280 |
Professionally inactive | 132 (38.9) | 146 (43.3) | |
Living conditions | |||
Very good | 101 (29.8) | 131 (38.9) | p < 0.05 |
Good | 180 (53.1) | 178 (52.8) | |
Average | 55 (16.2) | 27 (8.0) | |
Poor | 3 (0.9) | 1 (0.3) | |
Number of pregnancies | |||
First pregnancy | 128 (37.8) | 117 (34.7) | p = 0.637 |
Second pregnancy | 117 (34.5) | 127 (37.7) | |
Third or subsequent pregnancy | 94 (27.7) | 93 (27.6) | |
Self-reported knowledge on glucose tolerance disorder treatment and lifestyle | |||
Very good | 49 (14.5) | 22 (6.5) | p < 0.05 |
Good | 189 (55.8) | 98 (29.1) | |
Average/poor | 101 (29.7) | 217 (64.4) | |
Self-reported knowledge on the potential pregnancy complications and impact on the baby's health associated with glucose tolerance disorders | |||
Very good | 33 (9.7) | 22 (6.5) | p < 0.05 |
Good | 175 (51.6) | 90 (26.8) | |
Average/poor | 131 (38.7) | 225 (66.7) | |
Time of glucose metabolism disorder diagnosis | |||
Before the current pregnancy | 35 (10.3) | – | – |
At first visit at the beginning of pregnancy (before week 12) | 50 (14.8) | – | |
Weeks 12–23 | 61 (18.0) | – | |
At screening between weeks 24 and 28 | 181 (53.4) | – | |
After week 28 | 12 (3.5) | – | |
Treatment | |||
Diet + exercise | 220 (64.9) | – | – |
Diet + exercise + insulin | 119 (35.1) | – | |