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Fig. 5 | Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

Fig. 5

From: Impact of non-cardiovascular comorbidities on the quality of life of patients with chronic heart failure: a scoping review

Fig. 5

Statistical significance of the associations between non-cardiovascular comorbidities and worse health-related quality of life. Non-cardiovascular comorbidities are anemia or iron deficiency [ID], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], diabetes mellitus, and mental and behavioral disorders. Health-related quality of life is according to the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) (a), the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) (b), and the generic European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) and 36-item Short Form Health survey (SF-36) (c). The associations represented are those in which the health-related quality of life was valued globally

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Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

ISSN: 1477-7525

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