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Table 3 Estimation of treatment, period, sequence and carryover effects through Generalized Estimating Equation Model (GEE) for quality of life (QOL) at 6 months of therapy

From: Effects of oral contraceptives on the quality of life of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a crossover randomized controlled trial

Treatment &

Psychosocial–emotional domain

Self-image domain

Fertility domain

Sexual Function domain

Hirsutism domain

Obesity–Menstrual disorders domain

Total QOL

β &(95% CI)

P-value

β & (95% CI)

P-value

β & (95% CI)

p-value

β & (95% CI)

p-value

β & (95% CI)

p-value

β & (95% CI)

p-value

β & (95% CI)

p-value

EE 30 μg + DSG 150 μg (n = 26)

9.20 (− 2.48, 20.89) 0.123

4.90 (−1.03, 10.83) 0.105

− 2.13 (− 13.65, 9.39) 0.717

3.73 (− 10.61, 18.07) 0.610

4.57 (−4.25, 13.39) 0.310

10.13 (− 1.03, 21.28) 0.075

33.72 (− 1.19, 68.64)

EE 35 μg + CPA 2 mg (n = 20)

6.43 (− 1.91, 14.77) 0.131

3.10 (−1.13, 7.34) 0.151

0.50 (− 7.86, 8.85) 0.908

2.09 (− 8.31, 12.49) 0.694

4.28 (− 2.01, 10.57) 0.182

7.36 (− 0.61, 15.32) 0.070

25.88 (0.99, 50.77) 0.042 *

EE 30 μg + DRSP 3 mg (n = 16)

3.26 (− 1.75, 8.26) 0.203

2.46 (− 0.09, 5.01) 0.058

− 0.07 (− 4.87, 4.73) 0.976

0.37 (− 5.56, 6.30) 0.903

1.65 (− 2.10, 5.41) 0.389

3.82 (− 0.98, 8.62) 0.119

11.37 (− 3.39, 26.12) 0.131

EE 30 μg + LNG 0.15 mg (n = 26)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Sequence

 EE/LNG as Second Treatment

−3.03 (−6.82, 0.75) 0.116

−1.40 (− 3.26, 0.46) 0.140

−0.11 (− 4.06, 3.84) 0.957

0.47 (− 4.88, 5.83) 0.863

−1.03 (− 4.28, 2.22) 0.536

− 2.35 (− 5.84, 1.15) 0.188

−4.45 (− 23.27, 14.37) 0.643

 EE/LNG as First Treatment

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Period

 Second Six Month

2.81 (−2.85, 8.48) 0.331

2.02 (− 0.86, 4.90) 0.170

0.08 (− 5.67, 5.83) 0.978

1.26 (− 5.90, 8.41) 0.731

2.21 (− 2.06, 6.48) 0.310

3.91 (− 1.51, 9.33) 0.157

12.16 (−4.72, 29.04) 0.158

 First Six Month

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Carry over effect

−1.97 (−4.67, 0.73) 0.152

− 1.12 (−2.49, 0.25) 0.110

0.11 (−2.49, 2.72) 0.932

−0.80 (− 4.04, 2.44) 0.628

−1.08 (− 3.12, 0.95) 0.297

−2.14 (− 4.71, 0.44) 0.104

−7.46 (− 15.51, 0.59) 0.069

  1. Abbreviation: EE Ethinylestradiol, DSG desogestrel, CPA cyproterone acetate, DRSP drospirenone, LNG levonorgestrel, QOL quality of life
  2. & Beta regression coefficient, (95% CI) and P-value showed mean difference estimated via GEE adjusted by baseline values with linear link function and exchangeable working correlation matrix
  3. $$ working correlation considered independent in case of significant carryover effect
  4. *P-values < 0.05 are considered significant
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Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

ISSN: 1477-7525

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