Fig. 1

Path diagram for the second order structural factor model of the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS) in students (N = 222). Observed HFS items and unobserved factors are indicated in rectangles and larger ovals, respectively. Items error measurements (e1-e18) and residuals for first-order factors (e19-e24) are indicated by small ovals. Values above the items and next to the first-order factors are the model variances, values next to single-headed arrows indicate standardized factor loadings and values next to double-headed arrows represent correlations between factors