Measuring health-related quality of life in chronic otitis media in a Chinese population: cultural adaption and validation of the Zurich Chronic Middle Ear Inventory (ZCMEI-21-Chn)

Table 5 Factor loadings from the hypothesized and the modified bifactor models of the ZCMEI-21-Chn

		Hypothesized Bifactor Model										Modified Bifactor Model
Item	Subscale/Item	G		F1		F2		F3		F4		G		F1		F2		F3		F4
		LE	SE	LE	SE	LE	SE	LE	SE	LE	SE	LE	SE	LE	SE	LE	SE	LE	SE	LE	SE
1.	Ear Pain	0.29	0.08	0.31	0.11							0.29	0.08	0.31	0.10
2.	Discharge	0.28	0.10	0.81	0.12							0.28	0.10	0.81	0.12
3.	Itching	0.42	0.08	0.67	0.11							0.42	0.08	0.67	0.11
4.	Feeling of Pressure	0.45	0.10	0.81	0.11							0.45	0.09	0.81	0.11
5.	Dizziness	0.18	0.07	0.06	0.07
6.	Tinnitus	0.45	0.10			0.08	0.11					0.44	0.09			0.09	0.11
7.	Hearing (filter question)	0.60	0.10			0.61	0.09					0.60	0.08			0.61	0.09
8.	When many people speak at the same time	0.81	0.09			0.97	0.10					0.81	0.08			0.97	0.10
9.	Telephone, alarm clock	0.58	0.10			0.56	0.09					0.57	0.09			0.56	0.09
10.	Fear of not hearing other people	0.83	0.09			0.35	0.09					0.83	0.09			0.36	0.09
11.	Impact of ear symptoms on HRQoL	0.78	0.09					0.37	0.11			0.78	0.09					0.37	0.11
12.	Activities with family and friends	0.94	0.08					0.13	0.13			0.94	0.08					0.13	0.13
13.	In public (e.g. school/occupation, shopping)	1.22	0.07					0.11	0.13			1.22	0.08					0.10	0.12
14.	Making contact with other people	1.19	0.07					0.21	0.11			1.19	0.07					0.20	0.11
15.	Quality of sleep	0.77	0.10					0.63	0.12			0.77	0.10					0.64	0.12
16.	Sadness	0.92	0.09					0.54	0.14			0.92	0.09					0.55	0.14
17.	Fear that the ear problems may persist	0.76	0.10					0.51	0.12			0.76	0.09					0.51	0.12
18.	Protection from water	0.31	0.10					0.44	0.13			0.31	0.10					0.45	0.13
19.	Medical consultations	0.21	0.07							0.47	0.07	0.21	0.07							0.47	0.07
20.	Antibiotics (oral)	0.24	0.08							0.72	0.10	0.24	0.08							0.72	0.10
21.	Ear drops	0.33	0.09							0.82	0.11	0.33	0.09							0.82	0.11

ISSN: 1477-7525