Table 5 Factors associated with good-QOL in domain of PCS in univariate and multivariate analyses
Factors | OR | 95%CI | p-value | ORAdj | 95%CI | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | ||||||
 Male | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Female | 1.10 | 0.75–1.60 | 0.622 |  |  |  |
Age (year) | ||||||
  < 31 | 2.52 | 1.38–4.59 | 0.002a | 1.68 | 0.71–3.99 | 0.233 |
 31–50 | 2.68 | 1.74–4.14 | < 0.001a | 2.93 | 1.48–5.76 | 0.002a |
  > 50 | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
Education | ||||||
 Illiterate | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 Primary | 1.11 | 0.64–1.92 | 0.701 | 1.56 | 0.66–3.67 | 0.304 |
 Secondary | 2.94 | 1.79–4.82 | < 0.001a | 1.91 | 0.81–4.51 | 0.136 |
 Tertiary | 2.61 | 1.36–4.98 | 0.004a | 4.34 | 1.42–13.27 | 0.010a |
Occupation | ||||||
 Employed and retired | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Unemployed | 1.81 | 1.09–3.01 | 0.020a |  |  |  |
Annual household income (NRsb) | ||||||
 No income | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
  < 1,00,000 | 1.37 | 0.83–2.25 | 0.212 |  |  |  |
  ≥ 1,00,000 | 1.49 | 0.88–2.55 | 0.136 |  |  |  |
Marital status | ||||||
 Single | 4.29 | 1.86–9.90 | 0.001a |  |  |  |
 Married | 3.50 | 1.86–6.59 | < 0.001a |  |  |  |
 Widow/Divorced | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
Ethnicity | ||||||
 Brahmin | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Chhetri | 1.03 | 0.54–1.97 | 0.912 |  |  |  |
 Madheshi | 0.35 | 0.18–0.69 | 0.002a |  |  |  |
 Janjati | 0.80 | 0.46–1.38 | 0.428 |  |  |  |
 Dalit | 0.44 | 0.19–1.00 | 0.052 |  |  |  |
Religion | ||||||
 Hindu | 7.44 | 3.51–15.75 | <  0.001a |  |  |  |
 Buddhist | 4.54 | 1.85–11.09 | 0.001a |  |  |  |
 Christian | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
Place of residence | ||||||
 Village | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
 City | 1.45 | 0.98–2.15 | 0.059 |  |  |  |
Duration of illness (years) | ||||||
  < 1 | 4.01 | 2.67–6.02 | < 0.001a |  |  |  |
  ≥ 1 | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
Stages of CKD | ||||||
 Stage I-IV | 39.80 | 15.80–100.21 | < 0.001a | 21.24 | 2.97–151.77 | 0.002a |
 Stage V | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
Taking hemodialysis | ||||||
 Yes | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 No | 38.94 | 17.55–86.41 | < 0.001a | 16.09 | 1.81–142.90 | 0.013a |
Duration of hemodialysis (months) | ||||||
  < 10 | 2.25 | 1.31–3.87 | 0.003a |  |  |  |
 10–12 | 8.25 | 3.37–20.15 | < 0.001a |  |  |  |
  > 12 | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
History of kidney transplantation | ||||||
 Yes | 8.84 | 2.03–38.44 | 0.004a |  |  |  |
 No | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
Taking to hospital | ||||||
 Family members | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 Themselves | 5.20 | 2.86–9.44 | < 0.001a | 7.98 | 3.65–17.40 | < 0.001a |
Support for medical expenses | ||||||
 Family members | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Themselves | 1.02 | 0.59–1.75 | 0.938 |  |  |  |
Having health insurance | ||||||
 Yes | 2.52 | 1.46–4.35 | 0.001a | 3.99 | 1.87–8.52 | < 0.001a |
 No | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
Frequency to see a doctor per month | ||||||
 Irregular | 38.94 | 17.55–86.41 | < 0.001a |  |  |  |
 8–12 | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
Distance of hospital (km) | ||||||
  < 10 | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
 10–30 | 3.08 | 1.43–6.64 | 0.004a |  |  |  |
  > 30 | 1.99 | 1.11–3.56 | 0.021a |  |  |  |
Medical expenses per visit (NRsb) | ||||||
  < 1001 | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 1001-5000 | 1.24 | 0.80–1.90 | 0.329 | 0.44 | 0.22–0.87 | 0.019a |
  > 5000 | 13.20 | 6.44–27.01 | < 0.001a | 0.19 | 0.03–1.09 | 0.063 |
Facing problem for medical expenses | ||||||
 Yes | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 No | 2.54 | 1.65–3.90 | < 0.001a | 2.19 | 1.01–4.74 | 0.045a |
Hypertension | ||||||
 Yes | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
 No | 1.21 | 0.59–2.48 | 0.599 |  |  |  |
Diabetes mellitus | ||||||
 Yes | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
 No | 2.38 | 1.47–3.85 | < 0.001a |  |  |  |
Heart disease | ||||||
 Yes | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
 No | 4.29 | 2.16–8.54 | < 0.001a |  |  |  |