Relation of anxiety and other psychometric measures, balance deficits, impaired quality of life, and perceived state of health to dizziness handicap inventory scores for patients with dizziness

Table 1 General, quantified balance deficit, dizziness and structural vestibular deficit data

	Quantified Balance Disorders (QBD) group	Dizziness Only (DO) group
N	20	20
Age mean ± SD	60.1 ± 9.9 years	45.6 ± 14.0 years
Gender M/F	8/12	6/14
Pathological BCI^a	20/20	0/20
Duration of dizziness mean ± SD	3.5 ± 5.0 years	5.4 ± 7.7 years
Dizziness constant (fitting definition of PPPD^b) or occurring in episodes.	12 constant/8 episodes	11 constant/9 episodes
Fear of falling	4/20	10/20
Deficits in VOR^c tests	15^d/20	0/20
Unilateral peripheral vestibular deficit due to vestibular neuritis – not or over-compensated, 2 with active BPPN^e, 4 with constant dizziness.	7/20
Unilateral peripheral vestibular deficit due to vestibular neuritis – compensated. 6 with constant dizziness.	8/20

^aBCI stands for Balance Control Index, which is a combination of measurement values from stance and gait tests [22, 23]
^bPPPD (persistent postural-perceptual dizziness) is defined according to the criteria of Staab et al. [27] and requires that dizziness be present for 15 of every consecutive 30 days
^cVOR stands for vestibular ocular reflex. To be defined as a peripheral vestibular deficit the caloric paresis value had to be greater than 30%.To be defined as a not centrally compensated deficit, the rotating chair response asymmetry for yaw rotation accelerations of 20°/s² towards and away from the deficit side had to be greater than 15%. To be defined as a centrally over-compensated, the deficit the rotating chair response asymmetry for rotation accelerations of 20°/s² had to be less than − 15%. 30 and 15%, respectively, are the upper 95% limits of normal subjects for these tests
^dThe remaining 5 patients without deficits in VOR tests were assumed to have phobic postural vertigo, based on the criteria of Querner et al. [28] and Brandt et al. [29]. 2 had constant dizziness
^eBPPN stands for benign proximal positioning nystagmus

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