Poverty and health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional study in rural China

Li, Zhong; Zhang, Liang

doi:10.1186/s12955-020-01409-w

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

Table 5 Heterogeneous effect of poverty on the HRQOL and the five dimensions

From: Poverty and health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional study in rural China

Variables	Categories	NO	EQ-5D index	Mobility^a	Self-Care^a	Usual Activity^a	Pain/Discomfort^a	Anxiety/Depression^a
Region	DY	1554	−0.093 (− 0.148, − 0.038) ^d	1.541 (0.950, 2.504)	2.547 (1.43, 2.504) ^d	2.437 (1.603, 3.702) ^d	1.362 (0.918, 2.019)	1.272 (0.670, 2.413)
Region	SN	2422	−0.053 (− 0.081, − 0.026) ^e	1.284 (1.019, 1.617) ^f	1.193 (0.438, 1.617)	1.257 (0.998, 1.582)	1.440 (1.154, 1.796) ^e	1.494 (1.215, 1.840) ^d
Gender	Male	1947	−0.092 (− 0.132, − 0.053) ^d	1.481 (1.100, 1.993) ^e	1.590 (0.794, 1.993) ^e	1.582 (1.185, 2.112) ^e	1.526 (1.164, 2.003) ^e	1.759 (1.329, 2.327) ^d
Gender	Female	2037	−0.037 (− 0.069,0.690) ^f	1.192 (0.899, 1.582)	1.184 (0.484, 1.582)	1.296 (0.984, 1.709)	1.328 (1.017, 1.733) ^f	1.276 (0.982, 1.658)
Age	15–44	1018	−0.120 (− 0.195, − 0.046) ^e	2.737 (1.290, 5.806) ^e	1.348 (1.26, 5.806)	2.297 (1.141, 4.622) ^f	2.575 (1.538, 4.305) ^d	1.587 (0.992, 2.542)
	45–59	2134	−0.107 (− 0.142, − 0.073) ^d	1.576 (1.171, 2.121) ^e	1.743 (0.906, 2.121) ^e	1.898 (1.424, 2.529) ^d	1.675 (1.296, 2.166) ^d	2.196 (1.692, 2.851) ^d
	> 60	1458	−0.090 (− 0.130, − 0.049) ^d	1.805 (1.353, 2.408) ^d	1.793 (0.884, 2.408) ^d	1.748 (1.317, 2.323) ^d	1.474 (1.096, 1.979) ^e	1.913 (1.426, 2.570) ^d
Education level	≤ PS	2781	−0.081 (− 0.109, − 0.052) ^d	1.537 (1.232, 1.919) ^d	1.563 (0.694, 1.919) ^d	1.675 (1.347, 2.083) ^d	1.505 (1.218, 1.857) ^d	1.847 (1.503, 2.272) ^d
	JS	2527	−0.138 (− 0.173, − 0.104) ^d	2.019 (1.503, 2.710) ^d	2.181 (1.126, 2.710) ^d	2.300 (1.729, 3.055) ^d	1.930 (1.502, 2.481) ^d	2.583 (1.993, 3.346) ^d
	≥ SS	528	−0.204 (− 0.334, − 0.073) ^d	5.238 (1.275, 21.49) ^f	^c	12.12 (3.167, 46.38) ^d	2.593 (0.865, 7.767)	2.247 (0.904, 5.584)
Marital Status	Single	360	0.093 (−0.215,0.029)	2.669 (0.796, 8.944)	0.489 (0.099, 2.416)	1.587 (0.477, 5.275)	2.003 (0.740, 5.419)	1.246 (0.529, 2.927)
	Married	3842	−0.101 (−0.128, − 0.074) ^d	1.717 (1.381, 2.136) ^d	1.814 (0.841, 2.136) ^d	1.823 (1.474, 2.254) ^d	1.592 (1.306, 1.940)	2.060 (1.692, 2.509) ^d
	Widowed	408	−0.107 (− 0.175, − 0.038) ^d	1.745 (1.027, 2.962) ^f	1.676 (1.072, 2.962)	2.098 (1.234, 3.560) ^e	2.570 (1.446, 4.567) ^e	1.809 (1.065, 3.074) ^f
Distance ^b	< 2 km	4000	−0.062 (− 0.127, − 0.071) ^d	1.313 (1.075, 1.603) ^d	1.362 (0.534, 1.603) ^d	1.430 (1.174, 1.740) ^d	1.411 (1.171, 1.704) ^d	1.429 (1.190, 1.714) ^d
	2–3 km	397	−0.149 (− 0.220, − 0.077) ^e	2.457 (1.306, 4.618) ^e	2.403 (1.582, 4.618) ^f	2.787 (1.532, 5.068) ^e	1.685 (0.968, 2.932)	1.902 (1.070, 3.380) ^f
	> 3 km	223	−0.067 (− 0.145, − 0.012)	2.437 (1.168, 5.083) ^f	2.349 (1.674, 5.083) ^f	1.478 (0.735, 2.968)	1.146 (0.534, 2.464)	1.698 (0.838, 3.441) ^f
No of NCDs	0	2488	−0.111 (− 0.153, − 0.068) ^d	1.573 (1.121, 2.205) ^e	1.995 (1.097, 2.205) ^e	1.888 (1.362, 2.622) ^d	1.755 (1.336, 2.307) ^d	1.635 (1.237, 2.161) ^e
No of NCDs	≥1	2122	−0.100 (− 0.131, − 0.069) ^d	1.833 (1.430, 2.349) ^d	1.643 (0.759, 2.349) ^d	1.811 (1.424, 2.300) ^d	1.611 (1.262, 2.056) ^d	2.245 (1.770, 2.849) ^d

Note: ^aordinal logit regression models were applied; ^bDistance to the nearest healthcare facilities, including the healthcare centers or pharmacy: ^cNot concave; The covariate variables are region, gender, age, marital status, distance, household size, education, social health insurance, commercial health insurance, chronic disease or not; NO number of observation, DY Dangyang, SN Sinan, PS primary school, JS junior school, SS senior school, NCD Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases; ^d, ^e and ^f represent statistical significance at the 0.1, 1 and 5% levels, respectively; Coefficient (95% CI) was reported

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ISSN: 1477-7525

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