Table 1 Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the sample

Frequency, N

Percent

Age

20 and below

69

24.6

21–30

142

50.7

31–40

69

24.6

Gender

Male

142

50.7

Female

138

49.3

Ethnic Group

Chinese

200

71.4

Malay

41

14.6

Indian

25

8.9

Other

14

5.0

Marital Status

Ever Married

40

14.3

Never Married

239

85.4

Religion

Christianity

70

25.0

Buddhism

74

26.4

Hinduism

14

5.0

Islam

56

20.0

Taoism

6

2.1

Others

60

21.4

Education

‘O’/‘N’ Level and Below

77

27.5

‘A’ Level/NITEC/Higher NITEC/Polytechnic Diploma/Other Diploma & Professional Qualification

152

54.3

University

51

18.2

Work Status

Student/Homemaker/Housewife

78

27.9

Working/National Service

118

42.1

Unemployed

78

27.9

SCID Diagnosis

Schizophrenia and related psychosis

212

75.7

Mood disorder with psychotic symptoms

23

8.2

Smoking Habit

Never smoked

167

59.6

Current smoker

95

33.9

Social and ex-smoker

17

6.1

AUDIT score

No-hazardous use (score < 8)

244

87.1

Hazardous use (score ≥ 8)

36

12.9

PSQI score

Poor sleep quality (score > 5)

176

62.9

Normal sleep quality (score ≤ 5)

98

35.0

Taking FGAs

Yes

26

9.3

No

254

90.7

Taking SGAs

Yes

231

82.5

No

49

17.5

Taking AD/MS

Yes

88

31.4

No

192

68.6

Mean

SD

Baseline PANSS

Positive

21.89

5.994

Negative

15.76

8.733

GPS

38.16

11.346

Baseline GAF

Total

44.30

12.062

13.55

21.685

279.0325

216.7946

PSQI

Component 1: Subjective Sleep Quality

1.11

0.839

Component 2: Sleep Latency

1.45

0.995

Component 3: Sleep Duration

0.81

1.119

Component 4: Habitual Sleep Efficiency

0.69

1.040

Component 5: Sleep Disturbances

1.34

0.751

Component 6: Use of Sleeping Medication

1.14

1.316

Component 7: Daytime Dysfunction

1.24

0.972

Global PSQI Score

7.81

4.429

WHOQOL-BREF

Physical health

13.89

2.742

Psychological

12.13

3.148

Social Relationship

12.83

3.058

Environment

13.40

2.775