Table 1 Participant characteristics at baseline (T0)

Age (years)

134

39.1 (10.5)

35

38.1 (10.9)

0.6

Gender

 Male

112

82.4

30

83.3

0.89

 Female

24

17.6

6

16.7

Marital status

 Never married

51

38.9

19

52.8

0.13

 Married/live with a partner

51

38.9

14

38.9

 Separated/divorced/widowed

29

22.1

3

8.3

Educational level

 Primary school

16

11.9

3

8.3

0.63

 Secondary school

97

71.9

25

69.4

 High school/university

22

16.3

8

22.2

Living arrangements

 Alone

44

32.6

12

33.3

0.94

 Alone with partner and/or children

59

43.7

16

44.4

 With family or friends

26

19.3

6

16.7

 Homeless

6

4.4

2

5.6

Occupational status

 Unemployed/student

82

60.3

20

57.1

0.98

 Full-time work

41

30.1

11

31.4

 Part-time work

7

5.1

2

5.7

 Retired

6

4.4

2

5.7

Type of dependence

 Alcohol dependence

52

38.2

6

16.7

0.01

 Opioid dependence

84

61.8

30

83.3

 Duration of addiction (years)

136

14.9 (11.1)

36

12.3 (8.8)

0.2

 Comorbid axis I diagnosis (yes)

55

30.6

11

40.4

0.28

Origin of the care request

 Patient

100

73.5

25

69.5

0.3

 Justice

11

8.1

4

11.1

 Medical care

25

18.4

7

19.4

 Patient-physician gender match (yes)

59

43.4

9

25.0

0.04

 Medication initiated during the 3-months follow-up (yes)

53

39.6

9

25.7

0.13

 Change in substance use behavior at 3 months (yes)

84

63.2

18

50

0.15

 Number of medical sessions during the 3-month follow-up

127

7.3 (4.5)

33

7.5 (5.0)

0.21