Subgroups | Number of valid cases | Symptoms | Activity | Impacts | Total score | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mean ± SD | p-value | mean ± SD | p-value | mean ± SD | p-value | mean ± SD | p-value | ||
Level of severity | |||||||||
GOLD I | 41 | 38.6 ± 22.6 | < 0.001 | 45.7 ± 28.8 | < 0.001 | 27.6 ± 26.8 | 0.001 | 35.1 ± 25.1 | < 0.001 |
GOLD II | 79 | 40.3 ± 22.1 | 53.2 ± 25.9 | 33.4 ± 26.8 | 40.7 ± 23.6 | ||||
GOLD III | 35 | 62.3 ± 23.0 | 73.5 ± 23.3 | 54.8 ± 28.9 | 61.9 ± 24.8 | ||||
GOLD IV | 5 | 55.1 ± 26.1 | 70.1 ± 25.5 | 46.3 ± 33.7 | 55.2 ± 28.2 | ||||
Gender | |||||||||
Male | 308 | 41.6 ± 23.1 | 0.256 | 50.6 ± 28.5 | 0.004 | 31.1 ± 27.2 | 0.002 | 39.0 ± 24.9 | 0.003 |
Female | 78 | 44.4 ± 23.3 | 61.3 ± 28.0 | 42.0 ± 26.9 | 48.4 ± 24.3 | ||||
Age group | |||||||||
Under 65 | 80 | 39.8 ± 22.2 | 0.376 | 44.7 ± 28.7 | 0.006 | 28.8 ± 24.7 | 0.167 | 35.6 ± 23.4 | 0.052 |
65 years or older | 306 | 42.8 ± 23.4 | 54.8 ± 28.4 | 34.5 ± 28.1 | 42.2 ± 25.3 | ||||
Total | 386 | 42.2 ± 23.2 | 52.7 ± 28.7 | 33.3 ± 27.5 | 40.9 ± 25.0 |