Table 2 Descriptive statistics of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores in Ethiopian university students
From: Psychometric properties of the Epworth sleepiness scale in Ethiopian university students
Epworth Sleepiness Scale items | Mean ± SD | Skewness | Kurtosis | Item scores | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Statistics (SE) | Z-Score | Statistics (SE) | Z-Score | 0 Frequency (%) | 1 Frequency (%) | 2 Frequency (%) | 3 Frequency (%) | ||
Sitting and Reading | 0.94 ± 0.90 | .59 (.13) | 4.37 | −.59 (.27) | −2.19 | 125 (38.0%) | 117 (35.6%) | 68 (20.7%) | 19 (5.8%) |
Watching TV | 0.59 ± 0.91 | 1.42(.13) | 10.58 | .94(.27) | 3.49 | 209 (63.5%) | 67 (20.4%) | 32 (9.7%) | 21 (6.4%) |
Sitting inactive in a public place (i.e., a theatre) | 0.78 ± 0.90 | .93(.13) | 6.91 | −.08(.27) | −.29 | 159 (48.3%) | 103 (31.3%) | 48 (14.6%) | 19 (5.8%) |
As a car passenger for an hour without a break | 0.97 ± 1.05 | .73(.13) | 5.40 | −.76(.27) | −2.82 | 146 (44.4%) | 90 (27.4%) | 51 (15.5%) | 42 (12.8%) |
Lying down to rest in the afternoon | 1.48 ± 1.12 | .01(.13) | .04 | −1.37(.27) | −5.12 | 87 (26.4%) | 77 (23.4%) | 86 (26.1%) | 79 (24.0%) |
Sitting and talking to someone | 0.56 ± 0.81 | 1.35(.13) | 10.01 | .97(.27) | 3.62 | 202 (61.4%) | 81 (24.6%) | 35 (10.6%) | 11 (3.3%) |
Sitting quietly after lunch without alcohol | 0.74 ± 0.98 | 1.10(.13) | 8.19 | .01(.27) | .02 | 184 (55.9%) | 76 (23.1%) | 41 (12.5%) | 28 (8.5%) |
In a car, while stopping for a few minutes in traffic | 0.78 ± 0.97 | 1.03(.13) | 7.67 | −.04(.27) | −.13 | 168 (51.1%) | 93 (28.3%) | 39 (11.9%) | 29 (8.8%) |
ESS total score | .46(.13) | 3.44 | −.07(.27) | −.26 | |||||