Dutch norms for the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) – parent form for children aged 2–18 years

Maurice-Stam, H.; Haverman, L.; Splinter, A.; van Oers, H. A.; Schepers, S. A.; Grootenhuis, M. A.

doi:10.1186/s12955-018-0948-1

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

Table 2 Internal consistency of the SDQ Parent Form: range, percentage minimum/maximum score, clinical cut-off score

From: Dutch norms for the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) – parent form for children aged 2–18 years

	Cronbach’s α coefficient	Possible range	Min score %	Max score %	Clinical cut-off^d
2–3 years, N = 194
Emotional symptoms	.45	0–10	–	–	–
5 items
Conduct problems	.46	0–10	–	–	–
5 items
Hyperactivity-Inattention	.72	0–10	5.2	.5	> 6
5 item
Peer problems	.32	0–10	–	–	–
5 items
Prosocial behaviour	.60	0–10	.0	14.9	< 6
5 items
Total difficulties^a	.71	0–40	2.1	.0	> 12
20 items
Internalizing^b	.47	0–20	–	–	–
10 items
Externalizing^c	.71	0–20	3.6	.0	> 9
10 items
4–5 years, N = 182
Emotional symptoms	.66	0–10	42.3	.0	> 3
5 items
Conduct problems	.42	0–10	–	–	–
5 items
Hyperactivity-Inattention	.80	0–10	13.2	1.1	> 6
5 item
Peer problems	.48	0–10	–	–	–
5 items
Prosocial behaviour	.71	0–10	.5	28.0	< 6
5 items
Total difficulties^a	.79	0–40	3.3	.0	> 13
20 items
Internalizing^b	.67	0–20	26.4	.0	> 5
10 items
Externalizing^c	.76	0–20	9.9	.0	> 9
10 items
6–11 years, N = 403
Emotional symptoms	.76	0–10	27.5	1.0	> 5
5 items
Conduct problems	.53	0–10	40.2	.0	> 3
5 items
Hyperactivity-Inattention	.83	0–10	13.2	2.5	> 7
5 item
Peer problems	.67	0–10	46.7	.0	> 3
5 items
Prosocial behaviour	.74	0–10	.2	34.2	< 6
5 items
Total difficulties^a	.86	0–40	2.5	.0	> 17
20 items
Internalizing^b	.80	0–20	17.6	.0	> 8
10 items
Externalizing^c	.80	0–20	8.2	.0	> 10
10 items
12–18 years, N = 395
Emotional symptoms	.70	0–10	33.2	.0	> 4
5 items
Conduct problems	.62	0–10	48.9	.3	> 2
5 items
Hyperactivity-Inattention	.82	0–10	18.7	2.3	> 6
5 item
Peer problems	.68	0–10	38.7	.3	> 4
5 items
Prosocial behaviour	.71	0–10	.3	22.8	< 6
5 items
Total difficulties^a	.83	0–40	3.0	.0	> 14
20 items
Internalizing^b	.75	0–20	17.7	.0	> 7
10 items
Externalizing^c	.80	0–20	12.4	.0	> 8
10 items

^aTotal difficulties: emotional problems + conduct problems + hyperactivity/inattention + peer problems
^bInternalizing: emotional problems + peer problems
^cExternalizing: conduct problems + hyperactivity/inattention
^dScores above the cut-off ( > 90^th percentile) are considered ‘clinical’, with the exception of the scale Prosocial where scores equal or below the cut-off (≤ 10^th percentile) are considered ‘clinical’

Back to article page

ISSN: 1477-7525

Contact us

Submission enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com