Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics for substance use disorder patients with comorbid severe mental illness

 Age (yr)

37.78 ± 8.03

38.56 ± 8.85

42.97 ± 6.54

F ₍₂₁₀₅₎ = 4.581*

0.775 (schizophrenia = bipolar disorder)

5.188* (schizophrenia > major depressive disorder)

0.413 (schizophrenia = major depressive disorder)

 Living situation

χ ² ₍₂₎ = 0.496

  Living alone

25%

23.5%

30.6%

  Married or co-habiting

75%

76.5%%

69.4%

 Years of schooling

10.60 ± 2.40

12.42 ± 3.75

11.42 ± 2.44

F ₍₂₁₀₅₎ = 3.344*

1.824*(schizophrenia < bipolar disorder)

0.817 (schizophrenia = major depressive disorder)

1.008 (bipolar disorder = major depressive disorder)

 Economic situation

χ ² ₍₈₎ = 10.597**

  Employed

  Receiving unemployment benefits

  Disability pension

  No income

8.1%

21.6%

56.8%

13.5%

8.8%

14.7%

67.6%

9%

27.8%

25.0%

33.3%

13.9%

 Medical disease comorbidity

  Hypercholesterolemia

  Breathing system pathology

  Discal herniation

  Epilepsy

  HIV and/or Hepatitis (B/C)

  Obesity

31.4%

8.6%

5.7%

2.8%

5.7%

8.6%

0%

27.3%

9.4%

12.5%

0%

0%

2.3%

0%

55.6%

22.4%

2.8%

5.6%

5.6%

15.7%

3.5%

χ² ₍₂₎ = 6.855*

Average number of medications per day

2.50 ± 1.13

2.24 ± 1.10

1.83 ± 1.06

F ₍₂₁₀₅₎ = 3.365*

0.265 (schizophrenia = bipolar disorder)

0.667* (schizophrenia > major depressive disorder)

0.402 (bipolar disorder = major depressive disorder)

  Alcohol

72.97%

82.35%

81%

χ ² ₍₂₎ = 1.919

  Cocaine

72.97%

70.27%

64.2%

χ ² ₍₂₎ = 1.060

  Cannabis

81.08%

66.5%

52.7%

χ ² ₍₂₎ = 1.818

  Amphetamines

14.4%

18.3%

16.8%

χ ² ₍₂₎ = 1.162

  Opioids

5.8%

6%

8.4%

χ ² ₍₂₎ = 2.243

  Poly drug use

51.6%

48.4%

44.5%

χ ² ₍₂₎ = 1.237

 Number of suicide attempts

1.46 ± 1.33

1.42 ± 2.89

0.83 ± 0.97

F ₍₂₁₀₅₎ = 1.217

 Mean abstinence period (months)

6.03 ± 3.61

6.18 ± 3.49

5.44 ± 2.51

F _{(2, 105)} = 0.505

 Number of relapses in the last year

1.94 ± 1.95

1.94 ± 2.87

1.63 ± 1.80

F ₍₂₁₀₅₎ = 0.222

 Age of SMI onset (yr)

23.32 ± 5.80

26.29 ± 9.27

32.06 ± 8.75

F ₍₂₁₀₅₎  = 10.383***

3.580 (schizophrenia = bipolar disorder)

8.732*** (schizophrenia < major depressive disorder)

5.152* (bipolar disorder < major depressive disorder)

 Age of SUD onset (yr)

17.15 ± 4.70

19.20 ± 8.60

18.57 ± 7.55

F ₍₂₁₀₅₎ = 0.633

 Duration of the SMI (yr)

13.58 ± 8.09

12.51 ± 8.52

10.91 ± 9.04

F ₍₂₁₀₅₎ = 1.177

 Duration of the SUD (yr)

19.76 ± 8.18

19.56 ± 9.82

24.57 ± 9.41

F ₍₂₁₀₅₎ = 3.254