Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the sample (N = 225)
Characteristics | Statistics |
|---|---|
Age, mean (SD), years | 40.7 (11.4) |
Female, N (%) | 103 (45.8) |
Education, mean (SD), years | 11.4 (3.4) |
Paid Employment, N (%) | 152 (67.6) |
Married, N (%) | 156 (69.3) |
Obesity (BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2), N (%) | 47 (20.9) |
Smoking, N (%) | 70 (31.1) |
Major depressive disorder, N (%) | 49 (21.8) |
At least one anxiety disorder, N (%) | 52 (23.1) |
Severe low back paina, N (%) | 83 (36.9) |
Past operative history, N (%) | 12 (5.3) |
Abnormal radiographic findings, N (%) | 149 (66.2) |
Spondylosis, N (%) | 141 (62.7) |
Spondylolisthesis, N (%) | 27 (12) |
Scoliosis, N (%) | 12 (5.3) |
Other findings, N (%) | 21 (9.3) |
Associated leg symptomsab, N (%) | 96 (42.7) |
Medical comorbidities, N (%) | 68 (30.2) |
Hyperlipidemia, N (%) | 46 (20.4) |
Hypertension, N (%) | 27 (12.0) |
Diabetes mellitus, N (%) | 11 (4.9) |