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Table 5 Detection of uniform and non-uniform differential item functioning for sex in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Anxiety (HADS-A), based on ordinal regression

From: Is the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) a valid measure in a general population 65–80 years old? A psychometric evaluation study

  

Block I

Block II

Block III

 

Items

Predictors

OR

p-value

R2

OR

p-value

R2

OR

p-value

R2

Model comparisonsa

1

HADS-A

2.17

< 0.001

0.412

2.17

< 0.001

0.414

2.53

< 0.001

0.415

A

Sex (male)

   

1.30

< 0.001

 

0.94

< 0.001

 

B

Sex x HADS-A

      

0.91

< 0.001

 

C

3

HADS-A

2.01

< 0.001

0. 418

1.99

< 0.001

0.425

2.22

< 0.001

0. 425

A

Sex (male)

   

0.56

< 0.001

 

0.41

< 0.001

 

B

Sex x HADS-A

      

0.94

< 0.001

 

C

5

HADS-A

2.25

< 0.001

0.438

2.24

< 0.001

0.443

2.46

< 0.001

0.444

A

Sex (male)

   

0.60

< 0.001

 

0.46

< 0.001

 

B

Sex x HADS-A

      

0.94

< 0.001

 

C

7

HADS-A

1.90

< 0.001

.333

1.92

< 0.001

0.335

2.12

< 0.001

0.336

A

Sex (male)

   

1.35

< 0.001

 

1.11

< 0.001

 

B

Sex x HADS-A

      

0.94

< 0.001

 

C

9

HADS-A

2.14

< 0.001

.432

2.13

< 0.001

0.442

2.24

< 0.001

0.442

A

Sex (male)

   

0.51

< 0.001

 

0.45

< 0.001

 

B

Sex x HADS-A

      

0.97

< 0.001

 

C

11

HADS-A

1.90

< 0.001

0.334

1.96

< 0.001

0.342

2.16

< 0.001

0.343

A

Sex (male)

   

1.84

< 0.001

 

1.47

< 0.001

 

B

Sex x HADS-A

      

0.94

< 0.001

 

C

13

HADS-A

2.00

< 0.001

0.435

2.00

< 0.001

0.435

2.29

< 0.001

0.436

A

Sex (male)

   

1.05

< 0.001

 

0.67

< 0.001

 

B

Sex x HADS-A

      

0.92

< 0.001

 

C

  1. aModel comparison is based on the χ2 difference test between the models, with Bonferroni corrected p-values (p < 0.017). Significant differences are reported as: A = Block I & II, B = Block I & III, C = Block II & III
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