Table 1 Descriptive statistics of variables for rural and urban residents

 Self-rated physical health (%)

45.134^b

0.000

  Unhealthy

37.13

29.13

  Healthy

62.87

70.87

 Evaluation of air pollution (%)

729.847^b

0.000

  Not serious

82.90

49.44

  Serious

17.10

50.56

 Evaluation of green space shortage (%)

448.839^b

0.000

  Not serious

91.23

68.47

  Serious

8.77

31.53

 Evaluation of water pollution (%)

255.300^b

0.000

  Not serious

76.09

56.50

  Serious

23.91

43.50

 Evaluation of freshwater resource shortage (%)

91.526^b

0.000

  Not serious

79.19

68.28

  Serious

20.81

31.65

 Doing physical exercise (%)

594.107 ^b

0.000

  Infrequently

85.60

56.43

  Frequently

14.40

43.57

 Age

48.04

15.23

46.41

15.85

4.098^a

0.000

 Gender (%)

0.028^b

0.867

  Male

53.61

53.40

  Female

46.39

46.60

 Marital status (%)

40.360^b

0.000

  Single, divorced, widowed, etc.

15.26

21.65

  Married

84.74

78.35

 Educational attainments (%)

1100^b

0.000

  Junior high school and below

85.11

43.54

  Senior high school

11.38

27.26

  Bachelor degree and above

3.51

29.20

 Annual household income (Yuan)

36413.10

45242.74

76545.49

90745.89

-20.435^a

0.000

 Hukou status (%)

213.380^b

0.000

  Non-local hukou

3.26

14.64

  Local hukou

96.74

85.36

 Insurance schemes (%)

174.131^b

0.000

  Have not joined any BMI and PCMI schemes

5.22

9.83

Have joined both BMI and PCMI schemes

5.96

13.64

Have joined BMI schemes but not PCMI schemes

88.21

74.78

Have joined PCMI schemes but not BMI schemes

0.61

1.75