Validation and reliability of the Malaysian English version of the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire for adolescents

Table 1 Demographics of the participants

Demographics	12–14 years (N)	15–17 years (N)	p-value
Gender
Male	81	79	0.76
Female	122	111
Venue
Orthodontic Clinics	55	46	0.76
Schools	148	144
Ethnic
Malay	163	142	0.56^c
Chinese	24	31
Indian	14	15
Others	2	2
^aSeverity of malocclusion (Self-rated)
Lower quartile (No or slight)	48	53	0.50
Middle quartile (Moderate)	103	86
Upper quartile (Severe)	49	49
^bSeverity of malocclusion (Investigator-rated)
Lower quartile (No or slight)	48	46	0.91
Middle quartile (Moderate)	103	99
Upper quartile (Severe)	52	45

^aSelf-rated Malocclusion Index (MI-S); ^bInvestigator-rated Malocclusion Index (MI-D); ^cFisher exact-test

ISSN: 1477-7525