Multimorbidity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a nationally representative population sample: implications of count versus cluster method for defining multimorbidity on HRQoL

Wang, Lili; Palmer, Andrew J; Cocker, Fiona; Sanderson, Kristy

doi:10.1186/s12955-016-0580-x

Table 6 Mean of AQoL-4D utility scores and linear associations by sample characteristics using count method to identify multimorbidity, weighted

From: Multimorbidity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a nationally representative population sample: implications of count versus cluster method for defining multimorbidity on HRQoL

			Model 1 – Present. MM2 + ^a		Model 2 – Present. MM3 + ^b
	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	Unadjusted β^c	Jack-knife standard error	Adjusted β^d	Jack-knife standard error	Adjusted β^d	Jack-knife standard error
Sex
Male	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Female	−0.02	0.01	0.001	0.01	0.002	0.01
Age
16-25 years.	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
26-35 years.	−0.04	0.01	−0.05	0.01	−0.06	0.01
36-45 years.	−0.05	0.01	−0.07	0.01	−0.08	0.01
46-55 years.	−0.08	0.02	−0.09	0.01	−0.10	0.01
56-65 years.	−0.09	0.01	−0.04	0.02	−0.06	0.02
66-75 years.	−0.09	0.01	0.02	0.02	−0.01	0.02
76-85 years.	−0.19	0.02	−0.05	0.03	−0.08	0.03
p for trend	<0.05		=0.20		<0.05
BMI (kg/m²)
Thinness (BMI < 18.5)	−0.08	0.05	−0.01	0.01	−0.05	0.03
Normal (BMI 18.5-24.99)	Ref.		Ref.
Overweight (BMI 25.00-29.99)	0.03	0.01	−0.02	0.01	−0.01	0.01
Obesity (BMI >30.00)	−0.01	0.02	−0.02	0.01	−0.02	0.01
p for trend	<0.05		=0.30		=0.30
Labour force status
Employed	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Unemployed	−0.05	0.03	−0.02	0.03	−0.02	0.03
Not in the labour force	−0.13	0.01	−0.11	0.02	−0.10	0.02
Level of exercise
High	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Moderate	−0.003	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.004	0.02
Low	−0.06	0.02	−0.03	0.02	−0.03	0.02
Registered marital status
Unmarried	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Married	0.05	0.01	0.08	0.01	0.08	0.01
Smoking status
Current smoker	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Ex-smoker	0.04	0.01	0.04	0.02	0.04	0.01
Never smoked	0.09	0.01	0.06	0.01	0.06	0.01
Index of Socio-Economic Disadvantage - Area deciles
1st decile (lowest)	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
2nd decile	0.01	0.02	−0.002	0.02	−0.01	0.02
3rd decile	−0.01	0.02	−0.03	0.02	−0.03	0.02
4th decile	0.01	0.03	−0.01	0.02	−0.01	0.02
5th decile	0.03	0.02	0.002	0.02	−0.003	0.02
6th decile	0.03	0.02	−0.01	0.02	−0.02	0.02
7th decile	0.05	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.02
8th decile	0.07	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.02
9th decile	0.07	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.02
10th decile (best)	0.09	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.02
p for trend	<0.05		<0.05		<0.05
Present. MM2 + ^a	−0.21	0.01	−0.18	0.01
Present. MM3 + ^a	−0.26	0.02			−0.23	0.02
Observations			8605		8605
Weighted R²			0.1219		0.1159

BMI Body Mass Index
Means are estimated with standard error based on weighting strategy
^a MM2 + which means having any 2 or more chronic conditions out of asthma, cancer, stroke, CVD, gout rheumatism or arthritis and diabetes or high sugar levels, MDD and anxiety disorder
^b MM3 + which means having any 3 or more chronic conditions out of asthma, cancer, stroke, CVD, gout rheumatism or arthritis and diabetes or high sugar levels, MDD and anxiety disorder
^c β from univariate linear regression for the associations with HRQoL
^d β from multivariate linear regression model with all other variables in the table adjusted for the associations with HRQoL
Significant coefficients are typed in bold font (p< 0.05)

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ISSN: 1477-7525

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