Infant feeding and health-related quality of life in healthy Chinese infants: results from a prospective, observational cohort study

Table 3 ITQOL scores across infant feeding regimen groups at enrollment (study day 1) and study day 48^a

	Study formula-fed only (n = 140)	Breastfed only (n = 136)	Mixed-fed (breastfed and study formula-fed) (n = 151)	P-value^b
Infant-focused concepts
Overall Health
Day 1	77.9 ± 19.2	80.0 ± 15.9	78.4 ± 17.4	0.932
Day 48	79.4 ± 16.4	78.6 ± 14.5	79.3 ± 17.6	0.623
Physical Abilities
Day 1	94.3 ± 6.3	86.4 ± 15.6	80.6 ± 28.3	0.878
Day 48	94.1 ± 6.3	84.7 ± 18.6	75.9 ± 29.8	0.410
Growth and Development
Day 1	81.4 ± 15.2	84.3 ± 14.1	82.3 ± 14.6	0.405
Day 48	84.9 ± 13.9	84.5 ± 14.6	83.6 ± 15.3	0.845
Bodily Pain/Discomfort
Day 1	92.9 ± 12.6	93.6 ± 11.7	92.9 ± 12.4	0.877
Day 48	94.1 ± 11.4	94.9 ± 8.8	94.3 ± 9.8	0.920
Temperament and Moods
Day 1	71.2 ± 8.0	73.8 ± 9.5	72.2 ± 9.1	0.127
Day 48	74.5 ± 9.2 ¹	77.7 ± 8.4 ²	77.0 ± 8.3 ²	0.0057
General Health Perceptions
Day 1	81.3 ± 11.4	84.2 ± 10.2	83.3 ± 10.5	0.172
Day 48	81.1 ± 11.7 ¹	84.7 ± 11.8 ²	85.5 ± 9.3 ²	0.0009
Parent-focused concepts
Parent Impact – Emotional
Day 1	87.6 ± 17.1	89.4 ± 17.0	87.0 ± 15.4	0.324
Day 48	88.0 ± 15.7 ¹	91.9 ± 12.8 ²	90.0 ± 10.8 ^1,2	0.009
Parent Impact – Time
Day 1	83.3 ± 21.4	88.2 ± 15.4	88.1 ± 13.3	0.456
Day 48	85.9 ± 18.7 ¹	90.0 ± 14.2 ²	90.9 ± 10.8 ²	0.0053
Family Cohesion
Day 1	79.9 ± 19.5	79.5 ± 18.6	79.3 ± 18.0	0.855
Day 48	81.0 ± 16.2	79.0 ± 18.4	80.6 ± 19.1	0.649

^aData presented as unadjusted mean ± standard deviation
^bMain effects p-value from non-parametric ANCOVA (parent Mental Component Summary [MCS] score from the SF-12v2 included as a covariate)
^1,2Values that do not share the same superscript are significantly different (all pairwise p < 0.01)

ISSN: 1477-7525