Table 6 Factors associated with having difficulty in accessing health services and traditional medical care services
From: Health status and health service utilization in remote and mountainous areas in Vietnam
| Factors | Difficulty in general health services access | Difficulty in traditional medicine and services access | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Kinh | Muong | All | Kinh | Muong | |||||||
| OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | |
| Age (years) | 1.1* | (1.0; 1.1) | 1.1 | (1.0; 1.2) | ||||||||
| Male vs. Female | 0.3 | (0.1; 1.4) | 3.1* | (1.0; 10.2) | ||||||||
| Ethnic: Kinh vs Muong | 4.3** | (1.1; 16.3) | ||||||||||
| Education (Elementary - ref) | ||||||||||||
| Secondary | 0.5 | (0.2; 1.2) | ||||||||||
| College and above | 2.1 | (0.7; 6.5) | 0.2 | (0.0; 1.7) | 10.6*** | (2.7; 41.5) | 5.0** | (1.5; 17.4) | ||||
| Expenditure (Lowest - ref) | ||||||||||||
| High | 0.5 | (0.2; 1.4) | 3.1* | (0.8; 11.7) | ||||||||
| Highest | 5.8*** | (1.6; 20.7) | 8.4* | (1.0; 71.6) | ||||||||
| Household’s income (Lowest - ref) | ||||||||||||
| Low | 2.1 | (0.8; 5.7) | 4.3 | (0.5; 36.5) | 4.5** | (1.2; 16.4) | ||||||
| Middle | 0.1* | (0.0; 1.2) | ||||||||||
| Highest | 0.4 | (0.1; 1.5) | ||||||||||
| Having problems in (Yes vs. No) | ||||||||||||
| Daily activities | 5.5** | (1.1; 26.6) | ||||||||||
| Pain or Discomfort | 5.4*** | (1.7; 17.5) | 3.9* | (1.0; 15.6) | ||||||||
| Anxiety or Depression | 0.1*** | (0.0; 0.6) | 0.1** | (0.0; 0.8) | ||||||||
| # health problems (None - ref) | ||||||||||||
| 1 health issue | 6.0* | (1.0; 37.0) | 17.6** | (1.1; 294.0) | 2.4 | (0.7; 8.9) | ||||||
| 2 health issues | 3.9 | (0.7; 22.3) | 18.5** | (1.2; 285.1) | ||||||||
| Distance (<1 km – ref) | ||||||||||||
| >2 km | 3.6*** | (1.5; 8.3) | 12.8*** | (2.1; 79.2) | 2.6 | (0.8; 8.3) | ||||||
| Perceived quality of commune health services | ||||||||||||
| Very good - ref | ||||||||||||
| Good | 3.0 | (0.8; 12.1) | 0.1* | (0.0; 1.0) | ||||||||
| Moderate | 6.0** | (1.0; 34.4) | ||||||||||
| Perceived of TM service quality (Very good – ref) | ||||||||||||
| Good | 6.1** | (1.0; 36.7) | ||||||||||
| Perceived of effectiveness of TM (Very good - ref) | ||||||||||||
| Good | 0.4* | (0.1; 1.1) | 1.2** | (1.0; 1.5) | ||||||||
| Moderate | 0.3* | (0.1; 1.1) | 0.2 | (0.0; 1.8) | ||||||||
| Satisfaction with (Yes vs. No) | ||||||||||||
| Availability of health services | 0.2*** | (0.1; 0.7) | 0.3 | (0.1; 1.5) | 0.1** | (0.0; 0.7) | ||||||
| Commune general health care services | 3.4 | (0.7; 17.3) | ||||||||||
| Commune traditional health care services | 0.1** | (0.0; 0.6) | ||||||||||
| Health information and guidance | 6.9** | (1.1; 42.5) | ||||||||||
| Convenience of service use | 3.3* | (0.8; 13.0) | ||||||||||
| Convenience of integrating western and traditional health services | 0.5 | (0.2; 1.3) | ||||||||||
| Inter-professional collaborations | 6.4 | (0.7; 61.9) | ||||||||||
| Capacity of health workers | 0.2* | (0.0; 1.4) | ||||||||||
| Responsiveness of health workers | 0.1** | (0.0; 0.8) | ||||||||||
