Characteristics | Included patients (n = 311) | Excluded patientsa (n = 579) |
---|---|---|
Mean (SD) Age, in years | 62.6 ± 11.06 | 65.7 ± 11.42*** |
Gender, N (%) | ||
 Female | 130 (41.8) | 268 (46.3) |
 Male | 181 (58.2) | 311 (53.7) |
Race, N (%) | ||
 Chinese | 188 (60.5) | 412 (71.2) |
 Malay | 103 (33.1) | 128 (22.1)** |
 Indian | 14 (4.5) | 29 (5.0) |
 Others | 6 (1.9) | 10 (1.7) |
Marital Status, N (%) | Â | N/A |
 Single | 28 (9.0) |  |
 Married | 220 (70.7) |  |
 Divorced, separated or widowed | 63 (20.3) |  |
Education level, N (%) | Â | N/A |
 No education | 64 (20.7) |  |
 Primary | 99 (31.9) |  |
 Secondary | 87 (28.1) |  |
 Tertiary | 60 (19.4) |  |
Monthly income level, N (%) | Â | N/A |
 No income | 198 (64.1) |  |
 < $2000 | 65 (21.0) |  |
 $2000–$3999 | 29 (9.4) |  |
 $4000–$5999 | 10 (3.2) |  |
 $6000–$9999 | 7 (2.3) |  |
CKD stage, N (%) | Â | N/A |
 3 | 105 (33.8) |  |
 4 | 147 (47.3) |  |
 5 | 59 (19.0) |  |
Co-morbidities, N (%) | Â | N/A |
 Hyperlipidemia | 275 (88.4) |  |
 Hypertension | 278 (89.4) |  |
 Diabetes | 217 (69.8) |  |
 Heart Disease | 136 (43.7) |  |
 Stroke | 38 (12.2) |  |
Laboratory variables, Mean (SD) | Â | N/A |
 Serum hemoglobin, g/dL | 11.9 ± 1.91 |  |
 Serum phosphorous, mg/dL | 4.0 ± 0.96 |  |
 Adjusted calcium, mg/dL | 9.2 ± 0.48 |  |
Medication use, Mean (SD) | Â | N/A |
 Types of medication | 8.4 ± 3.27 |  |
 Daily pill burden | 13.0 ± 6.71 |  |
FFM, Mean (SD) | 65.5 ± 27.18 | N/A |