Table 4 Association between global quality of life, participants’ characteristics and supportive care needs
Variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysisa | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | p value | B | SE | β | p value | |
Socio-demographic and disease characteristics | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age |  |  | −0.282 | 1.647 | −0.011 | 0.864 |
  < 40 years | 79.69 (12.53) |  |  |  |  |  |
 40–49 years | 71.26 (18.44) | 0.004 |  |  |  |  |
   > 50 years | 63.77 (19.08) |  |  |  |  |  |
Ethnicity |  |  | −0.038 | 1.452 | −0.002 | 0.979 |
 Malay | 61.15 (18.64) |  |  |  |  |  |
 Chinese | 76.19 (14.23) | 0.001 |  |  |  |  |
 Indian | 77.38 (17.86) |  |  |  |  |  |
Educational Level | Â | Â | 2.785 | 1.912 | 0.146 | 0.148 |
 No formal education | 44.44 (12.06) |  |  |  |  |  |
 Primary | 58.33 (20.41) | 0.001 |  |  |  |  |
 Secondary | 68.12 (15.34) |  |  |  |  |  |
 Tertiary | 81.76 (10.90) |  |  |  |  |  |
Marital Status | Â | Â | 0.941 | 2.592 | 0.022 | 0.717 |
 Unmarried | 72.92 (15.77) |  |  |  |  |  |
 Married | 69.96 (18.54) | 0.023 |  |  |  |  |
 Divorced/widowed | 57.95 (18.62) |  |  |  |  |  |
Employment Status |  |  | −2.736 | 2.256 | −0.104 | 0.228 |
 Housewife | 58.46 (17.74) |  |  |  |  |  |
 Employed | 81.30 (11.01) | 0.001 |  |  |  |  |
 Retired | 73.04 (17.56) |  |  |  |  |  |
Household Income (RM) | Â | Â | 3.231 | 2.176 | 0.130 | 0.141 |
 Less than 2000 | 50.61 (13.61) |  |  |  |  |  |
 RM2000- 4000 | 74.48 (15.41) | 0.001 |  |  |  |  |
 More than 4000 | 81.55 (11.19) |  |  |  |  |  |
Time since Diagnosis | Â | Â | 4.746 | 1.573 | 0.177 | 0.003 |
  < 2 years | 62.83 (19.21) |  |  |  |  |  |
 2–5 years | 67.00 (18.43) | 0.001 |  |  |  |  |
  > 5 years | 84.80 (6.06) |  |  |  |  |  |
Stage at Diagnosis |  |  | −3.776 | 1.385 | −0.215 | 0.008 |
 Stage 0 | 79.16 (7.71) |  |  |  |  |  |
 Stage 1 | 77.08 (12.83) |  |  |  |  |  |
 Stage 2 | 70.73 (17.19) | 0.001 |  |  |  |  |
 Stage 3 | 65.18 (19.51) |  |  |  |  |  |
 Stage 4 | 41.67 (10.34) |  |  |  |  |  |
Type of Surgery |  |  | −1.668 | 2.947 | −0.041 | 0.573 |
 Breast conserving surgery | 74.32 (12.79) | 0.011 |  |  |  |  |
 Mastectomy | 64.79 (20.54) |  |  |  |  |  |
 Radiotherapy |  |  | 3.499 | 4.999 | 0.074 | 0.486 |
 Yes | 64.45 (19.40) | 0.001 |  |  |  |  |
 No | 81.52 (7.08) |  |  |  |  |  |
Chemotherapy |  |  | −5.305 | 4.173 | −0.127 | 0.207 |
 Yes | 62.79 (19.59) | 0.001 |  |  |  |  |
 No | 80.55 (8.24) |  |  |  |  |  |
Hormone therapy | Â | Â | 3.502 | 4.020 | 0.075 | 0.386 |
 Yes | 64.67 (19.43) | 0.001 |  |  |  |  |
 No | 80.56 (9.41) |  |  |  |  |  |
Immune therapy |  |  | −3.396 | 2.963 | −0.075 | 0.255 |
 Yes | 75.96 (17.69) | 0.013 |  |  |  |  |
 No | 65.54 (18.81) |  |  |  |  |  |
Unmet Supportive Care Needs | Correlation coefficient | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Physical Needs | −0.76 | 0.001 | −0.241 | 0.070 | −0.346 | 0.001 |
 Psychological Needs | −0.80 | 0.001 | −0.191 | 0.094 | −0.218 | 0.004 |
 Sexuality Needs | −0.06 | 0.553 | NS | NS | NS | NS |
 Patient’s Care Needs | −0.44 | 0.001 | −0.028 | 0.103 | −0.024 | 0.787 |
 Health Information Needs | −0.16 | 0.092 | 0.009 | 0.122 | 0.006 | 0.941 |