Table 1 Structure and composition of the ARQ
Domain/Scale | Definition | Number of items | Example of item |
|---|---|---|---|
1. Self | |||
Confidence | Self-confidence and future expectations | 8 | I feel confident that I can handle whatever comes my way |
Emotional insight | Understanding and regulation of emotions | 8 | I think things through carefully before making decisions |
Negative cognition (reversed scale) | Tendency to worry, to ruminate and to pessimism. | 8 | I tend to think the worst is going to happen |
Social skills | Communication skills and ability to develop connections with others | 8 | I can express my opinions when I am in a group |
Empathy/Tolerance | Capacity to understand others’ feelings and perspective | 8 | I am patient with people who can’t do things as well as I can |
2. Family | |||
Connectedness | Nurturing and supportive family environment | 8 | I enjoy spending time with my family |
Availability | Family members’ availability to offer support and advice | 3 | There is someone in my family I can talk to about anything |
3. Peers | |||
Connectedness | Connections to friends and confidence with peers | 7 | I have friends I can trust with my private thoughts and feelings |
Availability | Ability to develop and maintain friendships with peers | 8 | I wish I had more friends I felt close to |
4. School | |||
Supportive environment | Support from teachers and school staff | 8 | My teachers are caring and supportive of me |
Connectedness | Engagement with school socially and academically | 8 | I try hard in school |
5. Community | |||
Connectedness | Perceptions of belonging to the community and support from people in their neighborhood | 6 | I trust the people in my neighborhood |