Utility estimation of hypothetical chronic obstructive pulmonary disease health states by the general population and health professionals

Table 2 Parameter estimates for the VAS and TTO models using a linear mixed model in the general population and in health professionals

Parameter	Visual analogue scale			Time trade-off
Parameter	Coefficient	(SE)	p-value	Coefficient	(SE)	p-value
General population
Intercept = moderate COPD	0.750	0.009	<0.0001	0.824	0.011	<0.0001
Severe COPD	−0.179	0.005	<0.0001	−0.178	0.006	<0.0001
Very severe COPD	−0.482	0.005	<0.0001	−0.519	0.006	<0.0001
One non-serious exacerbation	−0.078	0.004	<0.0001	−0.082	0.005	<0.0001
One serious exacerbation	−0.155	0.005	<0.0001	−0.164	0.006	<0.0001
One non-serious and one serious exacerbation	−0.217	0.005	<0.0001	−0.228	0.006	<0.0001
Generalized R²	0.83			0.86
MAE, mean (SD)	0.008	(0.006)		0.008	(0.007)
Health professionals
Intercept = moderate COPD	0.759	0.027	<0.0001	0.883	0.025	<0.0001
Severe COPD	−0.226	0.014	<0.0001	−0.234	0.016	<0.0001
Very Severe COPD	−0.496	0.014	<0.0001	−0.590	0.016	<0.0001
One non-serious exacerbation	−0.072	0.012	<0.0001	−0.070	0.014	<0.0001
One serious exacerbation	−0.147	0.014	<0.0001	−0.148	0.017	<0.0001
One non-serious and one serious exacerbation	−0.196	0.014	<0.0001	−0.207	0.017	<0.0001
Generalized R²	0.93			0.88
MAE, mean (SD)	0.004	(0.003)		0.011	(0.008)

ISSN: 1477-7525