Table 2 Demographic characteristics of participants ( N = 236)

Demographic

Age (years)

38.07 (7.44)

Male gender

212 (89.8%)

Living alone

15 (6.4%)^a

Years of formal education

9.43 (2.35)

Had fixed employment

125 (53.2%)^b

Family history of drug abuse

33 (14.0%)

Medical history

Age at first heroin use

26.13 (6.32)

Duration of heroin use

8.05 (5.85)^c

Concurrently use methamphetamine

155 (65.7%)

HIV carrier positive

47 (19.9%)

HBV carrier positive

39 (16.5%)

HCV carrier positive

223 (94.5%)