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Table 4 Sample focus group questions from nine domains

From: Development of a proxy-reported pulmonary outcome scale for preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Topic area

Sample questions

Arousal from sleep

How would you describe babies who 'arouse with difficulty'? What would that look like?

Calming

What would "may have trouble calming" look like if you were describing a baby with moderate CLD? What would someone observe? How about with severe CLD?

Agitation

How would you describe a CLD baby who is 'very agitated'? What are all the observations you might make about a baby at the far end of that spectrum (severe disease)?

Energy level/activity

Describe a CLD baby in "a high energy" state. How, if at all, would an agitated baby look different from a baby in a state of high energy level/activity level?

Eye appearance

Is it helpful to include a 'glazed/blank' assessment of eye appearance? If so, is 'glazed/blank' on the spectrum from 'engaged' to 'panicked/wide-eyed' or is 'glazed/blank' indicating something different?

Color change

What color change do you observe in babies with CLD? What words best describe that color change?

Tone

What is a specific word or a modifier that describes a baby that has such bad lung disease and is so tired and wiped out that they become low-tone?

Desaturations

Do babies with no lung disease sometimes desat? Would 'normal' include an occasional desat?

Respiratory rate

How would you describe respiratory rate with feeding in a baby with no CLD?