General anxiety, depression, and physical health in relation to symptoms of heart-focused anxiety-a cross sectional study among patients living with the risk of serious arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death

Table 4 Hierarchical regression analyses assessing cardio-protective avoidance (avoidance), heart-focused attention (attention) and fear about heart sensations (fear) (CAQ)(scores 0-4) as independent determinants of general anxiety, depression (HADS) (scores 0-21), and physical health (PCS) (scores 0-100).

	Variables	R^{2 change}	B	SE B	β	p-value
Step 1	HADS Anxiety	0.10
	Male gender		-2.07	0.73	-0.26	<0.01
	Age		-0.002	0.03	-0.01	0.94
	Children		0.29	1.14	0.03	0.80
	Diagnosis		0.90	0.84	0.10	0.29
	Recent SCD in the family		1.93	0.92	0.19	0.04
Step 2
	Male gender	0.23	-1.57	0.64	-0.20	0.02
	Recent SCD in the family		1.79	0.80	0.18	0.03
	Avoidance		1.09	0.45	0.22	0.02
	Attention		0.40	0.62	0.07	0.52
	Fear		1.65	0.54	0.32	<0.01
Step 1	HADS Depression	0.13
	Gender		-0.70	0.66	-0.09	0.29
	Age		0.05	0.03	0.20	0.09
	Children		0.83	1.04	0.09	0.43
	Diagnosis		0.71	0.77	0.08	0.36
	Recent SCD in the family		1.83	0.84	0.20	0.03
Step 2		0.13
	Recent SCD in the family		1.72	0.79	0.18	0.03
	Avoidance		0.93	0.45	0.21	0.04
	Attention		-0.45	0.61	-0.08	0.46
	Fear		1.42	0.53	0.30	<0.01
Step 1	PCS Physical health	0.24
	Male gender		2.23	1.46	0.13	0.13
	Age		-0.22	0.06	-0.41	<0.01
	Children		2.19	2.30	0.10	0.34
	Diagnosis		-6.47	1.70	-0.33	<0.01
	Recent SCD in the family		0.69	1.84	0.03	0.71
Step 2		19.4
	Age		-0.15	0.05	-0.28	<0.01
	Diagnosis		-4.29	1.57	-0.22	<0.01
	Avoidance		-4.00	0.92	-0.38	<0.01
	Attention		2.15	1.25	0.17	0.09
	Fear		-2.89	1.09	-0.26	<0.01

Abbrev: B: unstandardized coefficients; SE: Standard error; β: standardized regression coefficients; R^{2 change}: determination coefficient change
HADS: Hospital Anxiety and depression scale; PCS: SF-36 Physical Component Summary; Diagnosis: Clinical diagnosis of Long QT syndrome or Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; SCD: Sudden Cardiac Death

ISSN: 1477-7525